Newsgroups: fj.archives.answers,fj.lang.c
Path: galaxy.trc.rwcp.or.jp!coconuts.jaist!wnoc-tyo-news!ykgw!xeroc!leia!133.140.40.2!kitano
From: kitano@crd.yokogawa.co.jp (Kinichi - Kinchan - Kitano)
Subject: comp.lang.c Answers to Frequently Asked Questions (Abridged) in Japanese
Sender: news@leia.pa.yokogawa.co.jp (Leia news server)
Message-ID: <KITANO.97Sep9180155@crd.yokogawa.co.jp>
Supersedes: <KITANO.97Sep8183921@crd.yokogawa.co.jp>
Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 09:01:55 GMT
Expires: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 12:00:00 GMT
Reply-To: kitano@crd.yokogawa.co.jp
Organization: Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
Followup-To: fj.lang.c
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Archive-name: c-faq-abridged
Last-modified: 9 August 1997


C FAQ$B4J0WHG(B

[1997$BG/(B9$B7n(B8$BF|JQ99(B $BKLLn(B $B6V0l(B]
($BLuCm(B:1996$BG/(B9$B7n(B5$BF|HG$K4p$E$/(B
($BF,$K(B[Last modified September 5, 1996 by scs.]$B$H$"$k$b$N(B))

$B$3$N5-;v$NCx:n8"$O(B1990$BG/$+$i(B1996$BG/$KEO$C$F(BSteve Summit$B$K5"B0$9$k!#=q@R(B
$B!X(BC Programming FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions$B!Y$NFbMF$rCx<T$H=PHG<R(B
$B$N5v2D$N85!"<R2q$X$N9W8%$N$?$a$K;HMQ$7$F$$$k!#$3$N(BFAQ$B$O=q@RHG$rJdB-$9(B
$B$k$3$H$r0U?^$H$7$F$$$k!#FbMF$O3F9q$NCx:n8"K!$K$h$C$F<i$i$l$k!#8D?M;HMQ(B
$B$K$+$.$C$F$O<+M3$K;2>H$7$F$h$$!#$?$@$75v2D$J$/:F=PHG$9$k$3$H$O5v$5$J$$!#(B
($BLuCm(B:$BF|K\8lHG$NCx:n8"$OKLLn6V0l$K5"B0$9$k!#(B)

***

$B$3$N5-;v$O(Bcomp.lang.c$B$G$h$/J9$+$l$k<ALd$H$=$&$7$?<ALd$KBP$9$k:G>.8B$N(B
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$B%k$rAw$k$3$H$G$bF~<j$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(BWeb$B%P!<%8%g%s$O(B
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$B=q@R(B C Programming FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions_ (Addison-Wesley,
1996, ISBN 0-201-84519-9)$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B($BLuCm(B: $BF|K\8lHG$O%H%C%Q%s$h(B
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3.8:$B!VI{:nMQ40N;E@(B(sequence point)$B!W$H$O$J$K$+!#(B

A:$BI{:nMQ40N;E@$H$O$9$Y$F$NI{:nMQ$,40N;$7$?$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$k(B
($B;~(B)$BE@$G$"$k(B($B$D$^$j<0$NK\Ev$N=*$o$j!"(B||$B!"(B&&$B!"(B?:$B!"(B,($B%+%s%^1i;;;R(B)$B!"(B
$B4X?t8F$S=P$7$ND>A0(B)$B!#(B

3.9:a[i] = i++; $B$H$$$&<0$,$"$C$?$H$7$F!"(Ba[]$B$N$I$NMWAG$K=q$-$3$^$l(B
$B$k$+$O$o$+$i$J$$$,!"(Bi$B$O3N<B$K(B1$B$DBg$-$/$J$k$M!#(B

A:$B0c$&!#<0$d%W%m%0%i%`$,L$Dj5A$K$J$C$?$i!"$9$Y$F$NLL$GL$Dj5A$H$J(B
$B$k!#(B

3.12:$B<0$NCM$r;H$o$J$$$H$7$F!"JQ?t$K(B1$B$r2C$($k$N$K(Bi++$B$H(B++i$B$N$I$A$i$r(B
$B;H$($P$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B$3$N(B2$B$D$O;:$_=P$9CM$,0c$&$@$1$G!"I{:nMQ$@$1$rI,MW$H$9$k$H$-$O(B
$B$^$C$?$/F1$8$G$"$k!#(B

3.14:$B$J$<0J2<$N%3!<%I$O;d$,;W$C$?DL$j$KF0$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

int a = 1000, b = 1000;
long int c = a * b;

A:$B%*%Z%i%s%I$N$I$l$+$r(B(long)$B$G%-%c%9%H$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

3.16:?:$B$rBeF~<0$N:8JU$K;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B;H$($J$$!#(B

4$B>O(B $B%]%$%s%?(B

4.2:char *p; *p = malloc(10); $B$N$I$3$,$^$:$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B7/$,@k8@$7$?%]%$%s%?$O(Bp$B$G$"$C$F(B*p$B$G$O$J$$!#(B

4.3:*p++$B$O(Bp$B$rA}J,$9$k$+!#$=$l$H$b(Bp$B$,;X$9$b$N$rA}J,$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:*p++$B$O(Bp$B$rA}J,$9$k!#(Bp$B$,;X$7$F$$$?CM$rA}J,$9$k$K$O(B(*p)++$B$r;H$&!#(B

4.5:char$B$X$N%]%$%s%?$K!"(Bint$B$rHt$S1[$($F<!$r;X$7$F$b$i$$$?$$!#(B
$B$J$<(B ((int *)p)++; $B$G$O$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:C$B$G$O%-%c%9%H1i;;;R$OJQ491i;;;R$G$"$C$F!"$=$l$O1&JUCM$r@8$_$@(B
$B$9$HDj5A$5$l$F$$$k!#1&JUCM$G$"$k$+$i!"BeF~$9$k$3$H$b(B++$B$GB-$7;;(B
$B$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$J$$!#(B

4.8:$B%]%$%s%?$r0z?t$H$7$F<h$C$F!"$=$N%]%$%s%?$r=i4|2=$9$k$3$H$K$J$C(B
$B$F$$$k4X?t$,$"$k!#$1$l$I8F$s$@B&$N%]%$%s%?$NCM$OJQ$o$i$J$+$C$?!#(B

A:$B8F$P$l$?B&$N4X?t$O!"%]%$%s%?$NEO$5$l$?%3%T!<$rJQ99$9$k$@$1$G$"(B
$B$k!#(B

4.9:$B;2>H8F$S=P$7$K;H$&$?$aHFMQ$N%]%$%s%?$r4X?t$KEO$9$N$K!"(Bvoid **
$B$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B0\?"@-$^$G9M$($l$PIT2DG=$G$"$k!#(B

4.10:int$B$X$N%]%$%s%?$r0z?t$H$7$F<h$k4X?t$,$"$k!#$I$&$9$l$P(B5$B$N$h$&$J(B
$BDj?t$r;2>HEO$7$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B0l;~JQ?t$rDj5A$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!#(B

4.11:C$B$K$b(B"$B;2>HEO$7(B"$B$,MQ0U$5$l$F$k$+!#(B

A:$B$^$5$+!#$1$l$I;2>HEO$7$r??;w$k$3$H$O$G$-$k!#(B

4.12:$B4X?t$r8F$V$N$K!"%]%$%s%?$rDL$9J}K!$r$_$?$3$H$,$"$k!#(B

A:$B$*$^$1$N3g8L$H$o$6$o$6(B*$B$rIU$1$k$3$H$O8x<0$K$O>JN,2DG=$K$J$C$F(B
$B$$$k!#$?$@$78E$$=hM}7O$O$=$l$i$rI,MW$H$9$k!#(B

5$B>O(B $B%L%k%]%$%s%?(B

5.1:$B$=$b$=$b$3$N0-L>9b$$%L%k%]%$%s%?$H$O2?$+!#(B

A:$B$I$s$J%]%$%s%?$N7?$K$bFCJL$JCM!"$9$J$o$A!V%L%k%]%$%s%?!W$,B8:_(B
$B$9$k!#$3$N%L%k%]%$%s%?$OB>$N$I$s$J%]%$%s%?$NCM$H$b6hJL2DG=$G!"(B
$B$I$s$J%*%V%8%'%/%H$d4X?t$X$N%]%$%s%?$H$b0lCW$7$J$$!#(B

5.2:$B$I$&$d$l$P%W%m%0%i%`$NCf$G%L%k%]%$%s%?$rF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B%]%$%s%?$r=q$/$Y$-$H$3$m$K8=$l$?Dj?t(B0$B$O!"%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K%L%k%](B
$B%$%s%?$KJQ49$5$l$k!#%]%$%s%?$r=q$/$Y$-$H$3$m$H$O!"=i4|2=$dBeF~(B
$B$dHf3S$r$9$k$H$-$K:8JU(B/$B1&JU$N$I$A$i$+$K%]%$%s%?7?$NJQ?t$+<0$,(B
$B8=$l$?$b$N$d!"(B(ANSI C$B$G$O(B)$B4X?t0z?t$H$7$FI=$l$k%]%$%s%?$G%9%3!<(B
$B%WFb$K$=$N4X?t$N%W%m%H%?%$%W$,B8:_$9$k>l9g$r;X$9!#$=$NB>$N>u67(B
($B%W%m%H%?%$%W$N$J$$4X?t$d2DJQ8D?t0z?t$r<h$k4X?t$N2DJQ8D?t$N0z(B
$B?t%j%9%H$N2DJQIt(B)$B$G$ODj?t(B0$B$KE,@Z$J%-%c%9%H$rIU$1$k$3$H$,I,MW$K(B
$B$J$k!#(B

5.3:$B%]%$%s%?$,%L%k%]%$%s%?$G$J$$$+$I$&$+$N%F%9%H$N>JN,7A(B if(p) $B$O(B
$BM-8z$J$N$+(B?

A:$BM-8z$G$"$k!#(Bif(p) $B$H$$$&9=B$$O%L%k%]%$%s%?$,$I$s$JFbItI=8=$G$b(B
$BM-8z$G$"$k!#%3%s%Q%$%i$OI,$:(B if(p != 0) $B$H=q$+$l$?$h$&$K<B<AE*(B
$B$K=q$-49$(!"(B0$B$r@5$7$$%L%k%]%$%s%?$KJQ49$9$k!#(B

5.4:NULL$B$H$O2?$G!"$I$&(B#define$B$5$l$F$$$k$N$+(B?

A:NULL$B$OC1$J$k%^%/%m$G$"$k!#(B0( $B$"$k$$$O(B((void *)0) )$B$HDj5A$5$l$F(B
$B$$$k!#$3$l$O(B($B=q$-J}$NLL$+$i!"%-%c%9%H$N$J$$(B0$B$r=q$/$3$H$r7y$C$F(B)
$B%L%k%]%$%s%?$r@8$_=P$9$N$K;H$o$l$k!#(B

5.5:$B%L%k%]%$%s%?$NFbItI=8=$K(B0$B$G$J$$%S%C%H%Q%?!<%s$r;H$C$F$$$k%^%7(B
$B%s$G$O!"(BNULL$B$O$I$&Dj5A$9$k$Y$-$+!#(B

A:$B$[$+$N$I$s$J%^%7%s$H$bF1$8$G$"$k!#(B0 ($B$^$?$O(B((void *)0))$B$HDj5A(B
$B$5$l$F$$$k!#(B(0$B$r8+$FJQ49$r9T$&$N$O%3%s%Q%$%i$N;E;v$G$"$C$F(B
$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N;E;v$G$O$J$$!#(B)

5.6:$B$b$7(BNULL$B$,(B ((char *)0) $B$HDj5A$5$l$F$$$k$H!"%-%c%9%H$5$l$F$$$J(B
$B$$(BNULL$B$r0z?t$H$7$FEO$94X?t8F$S=P$7$,F0$+$J$/$J$k$N$G$O(B?

A:$BF0$+$J$/$J$k>l9g$b$"$k!#$3$3$GLdBj$O%G!<%?$N7?$,0[$J$k$H%]%$%s(B
$B%?$NFbItI=8=$,0[$J$k%^%7%s$,$"$k$3$H$G$"$k!#$=$l$G$b!"%3%s%Q%$(B
$B%i$K$I$s$J%L%k%]%$%s%?$,I,MW$+EA$($k$?$a$K%-%c%9%H$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B
$B$J$<$J$i$=$l$O(B (char *)0 $B$H$O0[$J$k$+$i$G$"$k!#(B

5.9:$B$b$7%L%k%]%$%s%?$rI=$o$9?t$H$7$F(BNULL$B$H(B0$B$,F1$8$b$N$rI=$9$J$i!"(B
$B$I$A$i$r;H$($P$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B$I$A$i$G$b$$$$!#0c$$$O$^$C$?$/=q$-J}$N>e$N$b$N$G$"$k!#(B

5.10:$B$G$b(B0$B$h$j$O(BNULL$B$r;H$&$[$&$,!"(BNULL$B$NCM$,>-MhJQ$o$k$3$H$r9M$($k(B
$B$H!"$H$/$K%L%k%]%$%s%?$NFbItI=8=$,(B0$B$G$J$$%^%7%s$K$D$$$F$OM%$l(B
$B$F$$$k$N$G$O!#(B

A:$B$$$d!#(BNULL$B$ODj?t(B0$B$G$"$k!#$@$+$iDj?t(B0$B$b==J,$KMQ$rB-$9!#(B

5.12:$B;d$O!"%G!<%?7?$K1~$8$?%L%k%]%$%s%?$r:n$j=P$9$N$K0J2<$N%^%/%m(B
$B$r;H$C$F$$$k!#(B

#define Nullptr(type) (type *)0

A:$B$3$N5;$O!"J8K!E*$K@5$7$$$1$l$I!"$?$$$7$FLr$K$ON)$?$J$$!#(B

5.13:$BJQ$@$J!#(BNULL$B$O(B0$B$H$J$k$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$k!#$1$l$I%L%k%]%$%s%?(B
$B$O(B0$B$H$J$k$3$H$OJ]>Z$5$l$F$$$J$$$M!)(B

A:"$B%L%k%]%$%s%?(B"$B$H$O(BC$B8@8l>e$N35G0$G$"$C$F!"FCDj$N%^%7%s$,FbIt$G(B
$B$I$s$JCM$r;H$C$F$h$&$,4X78$J$$!#%L%k%]%$%s%?$O%=!<%9>e$G$OJ8;z(B
0$B$GMW5a$5$l$k!#(BNULL$B$O%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N%^%/%m$G!"$3$l$O(B0$B$H(B($B$"$k(B
$B$$$O(B ((void *)0) $B$H(B)$BI,$:(B#define$B$5$l$k!#(B

5.14:$B$J$<%L%k%]%$%s%?$K4X$9$k:.Mp$,B8:_$9$k$N$+!#$J$<$3$l$i$NLdBj$,(B
$B$3$s$J$K2?EY$b=P$FMh$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B%L%k%]%$%s%?$,!"%=!<%9%3!<%I>e$bB?$/%^%7%s$NFbItI=8=>e$b(B0$B$G$"(B
$B$k$3$H$G!"<B:]$K$OJ]>Z$5$l$J$$2>Dj$r?.$89~$`?M$,$$$k$h$&$@!#(B
NULL$B$H$$$&%^%/%m$r;H$&$3$H$+$i!"$=$NCM$,>-MhJQ2=$9$k$+$b$7$l$J(B
$B$$$H$+!"L/$J%^%7%s>e$G$O(B0$B$G$J$$$3$H$r;X$7$F$$$k$h$&$K;W$($k$N(B
$B$+$b$7$l$J$$!#(B

5.15:$B:.Mp$7$F$$$k!#$3$N%L%k%]%$%s%?$K4X$9$k$4$?$4$?$,M}2r$G$-$J$$!#(B

A:$B4JC1$J5,B'$K$9$k$H!"!VI,$:(B0$B$+(BNULL$B$r;H$&!#4X?t8F$S=P$7$N0z?t$H(B
$B$7$F;H$o$l$k$H$-$OI,$:%-%c%9%H$9$k!#!W$H$J$k!#(B

5.16:$B%L%k%]%$%s%?$r<h$j4,$/$3$l$i$N:.Mp$r9M$($l$P!"C1=c$K%L%k%]%$%s(B
$B%?$OFbIt$G$O(B0$B$GI=8=$5$l$k$H7h$a$F$7$^$C$?$[$&$,4JC1$J$N$G$O!#(B

A:$B$=$N$h$&$J7h$^$j$r:n$C$F$bF@$i$l$k$b$N$O$b$[$H$s$I$J$$!#(B

5.17:$B%L%k%]%$%s%?$K(B0$B0J30$NCM$r;HMQ$9$k%^%7%s$d!"0[$J$k7?$N%]%$%s(B
$B%?$K0[$J$kFbIt7A<0$r;}$D%^%7%s$OK\Ev$KB8:_$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:Prime, Honeywell-Bull, CDC$B$N3F<R$N%^%7%s!"(BSymbolic$B<R$N(BLisp$B%^%7(B
$B%s$OHs(B0$B$N%L%k%]%$%s%?$r;H$C$F$$$k!#(B

5.20:$B<B9T;~$K=P$k!V(Bnull pointer assignment($B%L%k%]%$%s%?$K$h$kBeF~(B)$B!W(B
$B$H$$$&%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$O2?$r0UL#$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B%L%k%]%$%s%?$r;H$C$F!"L58z$JNN0h$K=q$-9~$s$G$7$^$C$?$3$H$r0UL#(B
$B$7$F$k!#(B($B<ALd(B16.8$B$b;29M!#(B)

6$B>O(B $BG[Ns$H%]%$%s%?(B

6.1:$B$"$k%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$G(Bchar a[6]$B$HDj5A$7$F!"JL$N%U%!%$%k$G(B
extern char *a$B$H@k8@$7$?!"$J$<$3$l$O$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:extern char *a$B$H$$$&@k8@$,!"<B:]$NDj5A$H?)$$0c$&$+$i$G$"$k!#(B
extern char a[]$B$r;H$*$&!#(B

6.2:$B$G$b(Bchar a[]$B$O(Bchar *a$B$HF1$8$HJ9$$$?$3$H$,$"$k$,!#(B

A:$BA4A3JL$N$b$N$G$"$k!#G[Ns$O%]%$%s%?$H0c$&!#(Bx[3]$B$H$$$&$U$&$K;2>H(B
$B$9$k$3$H$O!"(Bx$B$,G[Ns$+%]%$%s%?$+$G0c$C$?%3!<%I$,@8@.$5$l$k!#(B

6.3:C$B$G(B"$B%]%$%s%?$HG[Ns$OF1Ey(B"$B$H$$$&$N$O2?$r0UL#$7$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B<0Cf$K8=$o$l$k7?!V(BT$B$NG[Ns!W$H$$$&:8JUCM$O!"G[Ns$N:G=i$NMWAG$r(B
$B;X$9%]%$%s%?$K0UL#$,3J2<$2$K$J$k!#7k2L$H$7$F$G$-$k%]%$%s%?$N7?(B
$B$O!V(BT$B$X$N%]%$%s%?!W$H$J$k!#$7$?$,$C$FG[Ns(Ba$B$H%]%$%s%?(Bp$B$,$"$C$?(B
$B$H$9$k$H!"(Bp = a;$B$H=q$/$3$H$O2DG=$G$"$k!#$3$&$9$k$H(Bp[3]$B$H(Ba[3]$B$O(B
$BF1$8MWAG$r;X$9!#(B

6.4:$B$=$l$G$O$J$<4X?t$N2>0z?t$G$OG[Ns$H%]%$%s%?$N@k8@$,8r49$G$-$k$N(B
$B$+!#(B

A:$B$=$N$[$&$,JXMx$@$+$i$@$H9M$($i$l$F$$$k$+$i$G$"$k!#(B

6.7:$B$I$&$7$FG[Ns$OBeF~$G$-$J$$$N$K:8JUCM(B(lvalue)$B$J$N$+!#(B

A:$BG[Ns$O!VJQ992DG=$J:8JUCM(B(modifiable lvalue)$B!W$G$O$J$$!#(B

6.8:$B<B:]$N$H$3$m!"G[Ns$H%]%$%s%?$N0c$$$O!#(B

A:$BG[Ns$O<+F0E*$KNN0h$r3d$jIU$1$k!#$3$l$OBg$-$5$b3d$jIU$1$i$l$k>l(B
$B=j$b8GDj$G$"$k!#%]%$%s%?$OF0E*$G!";X$9@h$NBg$-$5$b;X$9@h$b<B9T(B
$BCf$KJQ99$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B

6.9:$BG[Ns$H$ODj?t%]%$%s%?$K$9$.$J$$$H@bL@$7$F$/$l$??M$,$$$?!#(B

A:$BG[Ns$NL>A0$O!"L>A0$K$OBeF~$G$-$J$$$H$$$&E@$G(B"$BDj?t(B"$B$G$"$k$,!"G[(B
$BNs$O%]%$%s%?$G$OCG$8$F$J$$!#(B

6.11:5["abcdef"] $B$H$$$&<0$r4^$s$@%8%g!<%/$N%3!<%I$r8+$?$3$H$,$"$k!#(B
$B$I$&$7$F$3$N<0$,(BC$B8@8l$GJ8K!>e@5$7$$$3$H$K$J$k$N$+!#(B

A:$BG[Ns$NE:;z1i;;;R(B[]$B$NFs$D$N%*%Z%i%s%I$O8r492DG=$G$"$k!#G[Ns$NE:(B
$B;zIU$1(Ba[e]$B$O(B *((a)+(e)) $B$HF1$8$b$N$G$"$k$H$$$&Dj5A$K$J$C$F$$$k!#(B

6.12:array$B$H(B&array$B$N0c$$$O!#(B

A:$B%G!<%?7?$,0c$&!#(B

6.13:$BG[Ns$X$N%]%$%s%?$r$I$&$d$C$F@k8@$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$?$$$F$$$O!"$=$s$J%]%$%s%?$r@k8@$7$?$$$N$G$O$J$$!#G[Ns$NMWAG$X(B
$B$N%]%$%s%?$r;H$&$3$H$r9M$($h$&!#(B

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A:malloc()$B$H%]%$%s%?$r;H$($PFq$7$/$J$$!#(B

6.15:$B0z?t$H$7$FEO$5$l$?G[Ns$NBg$-$5$K9g$C$?%m!<%+%k$JG[Ns$r$I$&$d$C(B
$B$F@k8@$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$G$-$J$$!#G[Ns$NBg$-$5$O%3%s%Q%$%k;~$KDj?t$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

6.16:$BB?<!85$NG[Ns$rF0E*$K3d$jIU$1$k$N$O$I$&$7$?$i$$$$$+(B

A:$B$?$$$F$$%]%$%s%?$NG[Ns$r3d$jIU$1$F!"$=$l$>$l$N%]%$%s%?$rF0E*$K(B
$B3d$jIU$1$?(B"$BNs(B"$B$K=i4|2=$9$k$N$,0lHV$N2r7h:v$G$"$k!#%3!<%I$NNc$O(B
$BD9JS(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$7$F$[$7$$!#(B

6.17:0$B;O$^$j$G$J$$G[Ns$r!"%]%$%s%?$r;H$C$F??;w$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:      $B%"%/%;%9$5$l$k$3$H$rA[Dj$5$l$?%a%b%j$N%V%m%C%/0J30$r%]%$%s%?$,(B
$B;X$9$3$H$,$"$l$PIT2DG=$@!#(B

6.18:$B;d$,;H$C$F$$$k%3%s%Q%$%i$O!"%]%$%s%?$X$N%]%$%s%?$r;H$&$Y$-$H$3(B
$B$m$G(B2$B<!85G[Ns$r;H$&$HITK~$r$$$&!#(B

A:$BG[Ns$,%]%$%s%?$K@.$j2<$,$k$H$$$&5,B'$O!":F5"E*$K$OE,MQ$5$l$J$$!#(B
$BG[Ns$NG[Ns(B($BNc$($P(BC$B8@8l$K$*$1$k(B2$B<!85G[Ns(B)$B$O!"G[Ns$X$N%]%$%s%?$K(B
$B@.$j2<$,$k$N$G$"$C$F!"%]%$%s%?$X$N%]%$%s%?$K@.$j2<$,$k$o$1$G$O(B
$B$J$$!#(B

6.19:$B%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K(B"$BI}(B"$B$,L$Dj$N(B2$B<!85G[Ns$r0z?t$H$9$k4X?t$O$I$&$d$C(B
$B$F=q$1$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B$3$l$O7k9=Fq$7$$!#(B

6.20$B4X?t$N0z?t$H$7$FG[Ns$rEO$9$H$-$K!"@EE*$K3d$jIU$1$?G[Ns$bF0E*$K(B
$B3d$jIU$1$?G[Ns$b<u$1IU$1$k$h$&$K$9$k$K$O$I$&$7$?$i$$$$$+!#(B

A:$BM#0l$N40A4$J2r$H$$$&$N$OB8:_$7$J$$!#%R%s%H$,M_$7$1$l$PD9JS(BFAQ$B$r(B
$B;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

6.21:$B$J$<%5%V%k!<%A%s$N0z?t$H$7$FEO$5$l$?G[Ns$NBg$-$5$r(Bsizeof()$B$G(B $B$-(B
$B$A$s$H7W;;$G$-$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B%3%s%Q%$%i$+$iJV$C$F$/$k$N$O0z?t$G$"$k%]%$%s%?$NBg$-$5$G$"$k!#(B
$B4X?t$,<B:]$K<u$1$H$k$N$O(B($BG[Ns$G$O$J$/(B)$B%]%$%s%?$@$+$i$@!#(B

7$B>O(B $B%a%b%j$N3d$jIU$1(B

7.1:$B$I$&$7$F(B char *answer; gets(answer); $B$G$O$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B%]%$%s%?JQ?t(Banswer$B$OM-8z$JNN0h$r;X$7$F$$$J$$!#(B
$B>e$N%W%m%0%i%`$r=$@5$9$k0lHV$d$5$7$$J}K!$O!"%]%$%s%?$NBe$o$j$K(B
$B%m!<%+%k$NG[Ns$r;H$&$3$H$@!#(B

7.2:strcat()$B$,$&$^$/F0$+$J$$!#(Bchar *s3 = strcat(s1, s2); $B$GJQ$JEz(B
$B$($,JV$C$F$-$?!#(B

A:$B$3$3$G$b0lHV$NLdBj$OO"7k$7$?7k2L$rCy$($kNN0h$,$&$^$/3d$jIU$1$i(B
$B$l$F$$$J$$$3$H$G$"$k!#(B

7.3:$B$1$l$I(Bstrcat()$B$N(Bman$B%Z!<%8$K$h$k$H!"(Bstrcat()$B$O0z?t$H$7$F(B2$B$D$N(B
char$B$X$N%]%$%s%?$r<h$k$3$H$K$J$C$F$$$k!#NN0h$N3d$jIU$1$,I,MW$G(B
$B$"$k$H$I$&$d$C$FCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B%]%$%s%?$r;H$&$H$-$O0lHL$K!"$$$D$bNN0h$N3d$jIU$1$N$3$H$r9M$($F(B
$B$*$+$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#>/$J$/$H$b%3%s%Q%$%i$,3d$jIU$1$rBe$o$j$K(B
$B$d$C$F$/$l$k$HL@5-$7$F$"$k$3$H$r3NG'$7$F$*$+$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

7.5:$BJ8;zNs$rJV$9$O$:$N4X?t$,$"$k!#$1$l$I8F$s$@B&$N4X?t$KJV$C$F$/$k(B
$B$H!"JV$C$F$-$?J8;zNs$K$O%4%_$,F~$C$F$$$k!#(B

A:$B4X?t$,JV$9J8;zNs$r3JG<$9$kNN0h$,@5$7$/3d$jIU$1$i$l$F$$$k(B($B$9$J(B
$B$o$A!"%m!<%+%k$K3d$jIU$1$i$l$?$b$N$G$O$J$$(B)$B$3$H$r3N$+$a$k$3$H!#(B

7.6:$B$I$&$7$F(Bmalloc()$B$r8F$V$H!V7Y9p(B: $B@0?t$r%]%$%s%?$KBeF~$N:]$K$O%-%c(B
$B%9%H$,I,MW!W$H$$$&$N$,=P$k$N$+!#(B

A:<stdlib.h>$B$r(B#include$B$7$?$+(B?

7.7:malloc$B$,JV$7$?CM$r3d$jIU$1$?%G!<%?7?$N%]%$%s%?$KCm0U?<$/%-%c%9(B
$B%H$7$F$$$k%3!<%I$r$?$^$K8+$k$N$O$J$<$+!#(B

A:ANSI/ISO$B5,3J$,@.N)$9$k$^$G$O!"$"$k<o$N7Y9p$rL[$i$;$k$NI,MW$G$"$C(B
$B$?!#(B

7.8:$B$I$&$7$F$3$s$J$KB?$/$N%3!<%I$,!"J8;zNs$r3d$jIU$1$k$H$-$K(B
sizeof(char)$B$r3]$1;;$9$k$N$rK:$l$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:sizeof(char)$B$ODj5A$K$h$j$T$C$?$j(B1$B$G$"$k$+$i!#(B

7.14:$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$K$h$C$F$O(Bmalloc$B$7$?%a%b%j$r<B:]$K3N(B
$BJ]$9$k$N$r%W%m%0%i%`$,$=$N%a%b%j$r;H$*$&$H$9$k$^$G@h1d$P$7$9(B
$B$k$HJ9$$$?$3$H$,$"$k!#$3$l$OJ8K!>e5v$5$l$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$3$l$OEz$($K$/$$!#(B

7.16:$B?tCM1i;;$r$9$k$N$K!"Bg$-$JG[Ns$r3d$jIU$1$h$&$H9M$($F$$$k!#(B
$B$1$l$I(Bmalloc()$B$NF0$-$,JQ$@!#(B

A:malloc()$B$KEO$=$&$H$7$F$$$k?t$,(Bsize_t$B$,J];}$G$-$k?t$r1[$($J$$$h(B
$B$&$K$9$k!#(B

7.17:$B;d$N(BPC$B$K$O(B8MB$B$b%a%b%j$,:\$C$F$$$k!#$I$&$7$F(B640K$B$+$=$3$i$7$+(B
malloc()$B$G$-$J$5$=$&$J$N$+!#(B

A:PC$B8_495!$N%;%0%a%s%HIU$-$N%"!<%-%F%/%A%c!<$G$O!"(B640K$B$h$jB?$/$N(B
$B%a%b%j$r8+DL$7$h$/;H$&$3$H$OHs>o$KFq$7$$!#<ALd(B19.23$B$b;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

7.19:$B%W%m%0%i%`$,%3%1$k!#(Bmalloc()$B$NFbIt$N$I$3$+$G$"$k$3$H$O4V0c$$$J(B
$B$$$H;W$&$s$@$,!#(B

A:malloc$B$7$?$N$h$jBg$-$$NN0h$r;H$C$F$$$J$$$+!#J8;zNs$r07$C$F$$$k(B
$B$H$-$OMWCm0U$G$"$k(B( strlen(str) + 1 $B%P%$%HI,MW$G$"$k(B)$B!#(B

7.20:$BF0E*$K3d$jIU$1$?5-21NN0h$O2rJ|$7$?8e$K$O;H$($J$$$M!#(B

A:$B;H$($J$$!#@N$N2r@b$K$O0c$&$3$H$,=q$$$F$"$k$b$N$,$"$C$?$,!"(B
$B$3$l$O$b$&A4$/@5$7$/$J$$!#(B

7.21:$B$I$&$7$F%]%$%s%?$,(Bfree()$B$r8F$s$@8e$G%L%k%]%$%s%?$K$J$i$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:C$B$NCMEO$7$H$O!"8F$P$l$?B&$N4X?t$,<+J,$N0z?t$r7h$7$FJQ$($k$3$H$O(B
$B$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$@$+$i$G$"$k!#(B

7.22:$B%m!<%+%k$J%]%$%s%?MQ$K%a%b%j$r(Bmalloc()$B$G3d$jIU$1$k!#$o$6$o$6(B
free()$B$r8F$P$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$+!#(B

A:$B$b$A$m$s!#(B

7.23:$BF0E*$K3d$jIU$1$?%*%V%8%'%/%H$X$N%]%$%s%?$r4^$`9=B$BN$r3d$jIU$1(B
$B$F$$$k!#9=B$BN$r2rJ|$9$kA0$K!"9=B$BN$,4^$`%]%$%s%?$N@h$N%*%V%8%'(B
$B%/%H$rA4It2rJ|$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B$=$N$H$*$j!#(B

7.24:$B%W%m%0%i%`$,=*N;$9$kA0$K!"3d$jIU$1$?%a%b%j$r2rJ|$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J(B
$B$$$+!#(B

A:$B$=$NI,MW$O$J$$!#(B

7.25:$B$I$&$7$F(Bfree$B$7$F$b%a%b%j$N;HMQ>u67$,JQ$o$i$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B$?$$$F$$$N(Bmalloc/free$B$N<BAu$O!"2rJ|$5$l$?%a%b%j$r%*%Z%l!<%F%#(B
$B%s%0%7%9%F%`$KJV$5$J$$!#(B

7.26:free()$B$O!"2?%P%$%H2rJ|$9$k$+$r$I$&$d$C$FCN$k$N$+!#(B

A:malloc/free$B$N<BAu$O!"3d$jIU$1$?%a%b%j%V%m%C%/$=$l$>$l$H!"(B
$B2rJ|$5$l$?%a%b%j%V%m%C%/$=$l$>$l$NBg$-$5$r5-21$7$F$$$k$+$i$@!#(B

7.27:$B$@$C$?$i3d$jIU$1$?NN0h$NBg$-$5$r(Bmalloc$B%Q%C%1!<%8$KJ9$/$3$H$,$G(B
$B$-$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B0\?"@-$N9b$$J}K!$G$OIT2DG=$G$"$k!#(B

7.30:realloc()$B$NBh(B1$B0z?t$K%L%k%]%$%s%?$r;H$&$3$H$O5v$5$l$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:ANSI C$B$O$3$N;HMQJ}K!$r5v$7$F$$$k!#$1$l$I$b@N$N%3%s%Q%$%i$K$OBP(B
$B1~$7$F$$$J$$$b$N$b$"$k!#(B

7.31:calloc()$B$H(Bmalloc()$B$N0c$$$O!#(B

A:calloc()$B$O0z?t$r(B2$B$D<h$k!#$=$7$F3d$jIU$1$?NN0h$rA4%S%C%H(B0$B$K$9$k!#(B

7.32:alloca()$B$H$O2?<T$G!"$J$<;H$o$J$$$[$&$,$$$$$H?M$O8@$&$N$+!#(B

A:alloca()$B$ONN0h$r3d$jIU$1!"$=$NNN0h$O(Balloca()$B$r5/F0$7$?4X?t$rH4(B
$B$1$?;~E@$G<+F0E*$K2rJ|$5$l$k!#(Balloca()$B$r0\?"@-$,9b$$$h$&$K=q$/(B
$B$3$H$O$G$-$J$$$7!"%9%?%C%/$N$J$$%^%7%s>e$K<BAu$9$k$3$H$OFq$7$$!#(B
$B$=$l$K0BD>$J<BAu$G$O!"$&$^$/$$$+$J$$>u67$,$"$k!#(B

8$B>O(B $BJ8;z$HJ8;zNs(B

8.1:$B$I$&$7$F!"(Bstrcat(string, '!'); $B$O$&$^$/F0$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:strcat()$B$OJ8;zNs$rO"7k$9$k!#J8;z$rO"7k$9$k$o$1$G$O$J$$!#(B

8.2:$B$I$&$7$F(B if(string == "value") $B$GJ8;zNs$HCM$r@5$7$/Hf3S$9$k$3(B
$B$H$,$G$-$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B>e$N<0$O%]%$%s%?$H%]%$%s%?$NHf3S$r$7$F$$$k!#J8;zNs$HJ8;zNs$rHf(B
$B3S$9$k$K$O(Bstrcmp()$B$r;H$&!#(B

8.3:$B$I$&$7$FJ8;zNs$rJ8;z$NG[Ns$KBeF~$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$BJ8;zNs$OG[Ns$G!"G[Ns$KD>@\$OBeF~$G$-$J$$!#Be$o$j$K(Bstrcpy()$B$r;H(B
$B$*$&!#(B

8.6:$BJ8;z$KBP1~$9$k?tCM(B($BJ8;z=89g(B)$B$NCM$r$I$&$d$C$F5a$a$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:C$B$G$O!"J8;z$r;}$C$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$O!"$9$G$K$=$NCM$r;}$C$F$$$k(B
$B$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k!#(B

8.9:$B$I$&$7$F(Bsizeof('a')$B$NCM$,(B1$B$G$O$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:C$B$NJ8;zDj?t$O(Bint$B7?$r;}$D!#(B

9$B>O(B $B%V!<%k?t(B

9.1:$B%V!<%kCM$r(BC$B8@8l$G07$&$N$KE,@Z$J%G!<%?7?$O(B?

A:      $B@dBPE*$J2sEz$O$J$$!#%V!<%k7?$NA*Br$K$^$D$o$k5DO@$K$D$$$F$OD9JS(B
FAQ$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

9.2:$BAH$_9~$_$N%V!<%kCM$rJV$91i;;;R$d4X781i;;;R$,(B1$B0J30$NCM$r(B"$BJV$7$?(B
$B$i(B"$B$I$&$J$k$+!#(B

A:$BAH$_9~$_$N1i;;;R$K$h$C$F%V!<%kCM$,;:$_=P$5$l$k$H$-$O!"(B1$B$+(B0$B$G$"(B
$B$k$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$k!#(B($B$3$l$O(Bisalopha()$B$N$h$&$J%i%$%V%i%j4X(B
$B?t$K$O$"$F$O$^$i$J$$!#(B)

9.3:p$B$,%]%$%s%?$@$H$7$F(B if(p) $B$O@5$7$$>r7o$+!#(B

A:$B@5$7$$!#<ALd(B5.3$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

10$B>O(B C$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B

10.2:   $B$A$g$C$H$7$?%^%/%m$r=q$$$F!"(BC$B$N%3!<%I$r(BPascal$BIw$K8+$($k$h$&$K(B
$B$7$F$_$?!#46A[$O!#(B

A:$B:GDc!#(B

10.3:   2$B$D$NCM$r8r49$9$kHFMQ$N%^%/%m$O!#(B

A:      $B$3$N<ALd$K3N$+$J2sEz$O$J$$!#0lHV$NK|G=$N2r7hJ}K!$O%^%/%m$r;H$&(B
        $B$3$H$r9M$($J$$$3$H$@!#(B

10.4:$BJ#?t$NJ8(B(multi-statement)$B$+$i$J$k%^%/%m$r=q$/$K$O$I$&$9$l$P(B
$B$$$$$+!#(B

A:      #define Func() do {stmt1; stmt2; ... } while(0) /* ($B:G8e$K(B;$B$O(B $B$J$7(B) */

10.6:   .h$B$C$F2?(B? $B2?$rF~$l$l$P$$$$$N!#(B

A:      $B%X%C%@%U%!%$%k(B($B!V(B.h$B%U%!%$%k!W$H$b8F$P$l$k(B)$B$O6&DL$N@k8@$d!"%^%/(B
$B%m!"9=B$BN!"(Btypedef$B$NDj5A$rF~$l$k$b$N$G$"$k!#$?$@$7JQ?t$d4X?t(B
$B$NDj5A$OF~$l$J$$!#(B

10.7:   $B%X%C%@$,!"JL$N%X%C%@$r(B#include$B$9$k$3$H$O5vMF$5$l$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $B$3$l$O=q$-J}$K4X$9$kLdBj$G$"$j!"$3$N<ALd$K4X$9$k5DO@$O@9$j>e$,(B
$B$k!#(B

10.8:   $B%X%C%@(B(#include)$B%U%!%$%k$rC5$9$N$K!"$I$3$rC5$7$K$$$/$N$+!#(B

A:      $BF0:n$N:Y$+$$$H$3$m$O=hM}7O0MB8$G$"$k!#8!:w>l=j$K$D$$$F$NO@5D$O(B
$BD9JS$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

10.9:$B%U%!%$%k$N:G=i$N@k8@$G4qL/$J9=J8%(%i!<$,=P$?!#$h$5$=$&$K8+$($k(B
$B$N$K!#(B

A:#include$B$7$?%U%!%$%k$N:G8e$N@k8@$N=*$o$j$K%;%_%3%m%s$rIU$1$k$N(B
$B$rK:$l$?$N$@$m$&!#(B

10.11:  $B7g$1$F$$$k%X%C%@%U%!%$%k$O$I$3$+$i<j$KF~$l$l$P$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:      $B%3%s%Q%$%i$rGc$C$?$H$3$m$KAjCL$9$k!#<ALd(B18.16$B$HD9JS(BFAQ$B$b;2>H(B
$B$N$3$H!#(B

10.12:$BJ8;zNs$rHf3S$9$k%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N(B#if$B<0$O$I$&$9$l$P:n$l$k$+!#(B

A:$BD>@\$K$OIT2DG=$G$"$k!#$o$+$j$d$9$$%i%Y%k$r@0?tDj?t$K(B#define$B$7(B
$B$F!"$=$l$i$N%i%Y%k$r;H$C$?>r7o$r<BAu$9$k$7$+$J$$!#(B

10.13:#if$B$NCf$G(Bsizeof()$B$O;H$($k$+!#(B

A:$B;H$($J$$!#(B

10.14:#ifdef$B$r(B#define$B$N9T$K;H$C$F!"$"$k$b$N$r(B2$B$D$N$^$C$?$/0[$J$C$?(B
$BIw$KDj5A$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$G$-$J$$!#(B

10.15:typedef$B$G;H$($k(B#ifdef$B$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$J$$$+(B(typedef$B:Q$_$+$I$&$+(B
$B$G=hM}$r@Z$jBX$($k$3$H$O$G$-$k$+(B)$B!#(B

A:$B;DG0$J$,$iB8:_$7$J$$!#(B

10.16:$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N(B#if$B$r;H$C$F!"%^%7%s$,%S%C%0%(%s%G%#%"%s$+%j%H(B
$B%k%(%s%G%#%"%s$+$rCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$?$V$s$G$-$J$$!#(B

10.18:$B%3!<%I$r>r7o%3%s%Q%$%k$N0lAH$@$1;D$7$F!"(Bcpp$B$rDL$9$3$H$J$/!"$+(B
$B$D(B#include$B$d(B#define$B$OE83+$7$J$$$GA0=hM}$9$kJ}K!$,$"$k$+!#(B

A:unifdef$B$H$+(Brmifdef$B$H$+(Bscpp$B$H$+$$$&L>A0$N%W%m%0%i%`$rC5$9$3$H!#(B

10.19:  $B$"$i$+$8$a(B#define$B$5$l$?%^%/%m$N0lMw$rF@$k$K$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B$^$:$O%3%s%Q%$%i$N;qNA$rFI$`!#$=$l$G$OIT==J,$J$i!"0u;z2DG=$JJ8(B
$B;zNs$r%3%s%Q%$%i$d%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N<B9T2DG=%W%m%0%i%`$+$i=&$$$@(B
$B$9!#(B

10.20:  $B8E$$%3!<%I$,$"$C$F!"$=$NCf$G$O<1JL;R$r%^%/%m(B
#define Paste(a, b) a/**/b $B$r;H$C$F:n$j=P$7$F$$$?!#$G$b$b$&F0(B
$B$+$J$/$J$C$F$7$^$C$?!#(B

A:      ANSI$B$N!"%H!<%/%s$rO"7k$9$k1i;;;R(B##$B$r;H$&!#(B

10.22:  $B%a%C%;!<%8!V7Y9p(B:$BJ8;zNs%j%F%i%k$NFbIt$N%^%/%mCV49!W$O2?$r;X$7(B
$B$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $B<ALd(B11.18$B$r;2>H!#(B

10.23-4:$BJ8;zNs%j%F%i%k$NCf$G(B#$B1i;;;R$r;H$C$F%^%/%m$N0z?t$rE83+$7$?$$(B
$B$,$&$^$/$$$+$J$$!#(B

A:      $B<ALd(B11.17$B$H(B11.18$B$r;2>H!#(B

10.25:$B%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K6E$C$?A0=hM}$r$7$?$$$,!"$I$&$d$l$P$$$$$+$o$+$i$J(B
$B$$!#(B

A:      $BL\E*$K1~$8$?@lMQ$NA0=hM}$r9T$&%D!<%k$r:n$k$3$H$r9M$($?$[$&$,$$(B
$B$$!#(B

10.26:$B2DJQ8D$N0z?t$r<h$k%^%/%m$r$I$&$d$C$F=q$1$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:      $B0J2<$O?M5$$N$"$k5;$G$"$k!#(Bprintf$B$N0z?t%j%9%H$r0O$`3g8L$O!"%^%/(B
$B%m$NDj5A$N$b$N$G$O$J$/%^%/%m$N8F$S=P$7$N$b$N$G$"$k$3$H$KCm0U!#(B

                #define DEBUG(args) (printf("DEBUG: "), printf args)

                if(n != 0) DEBUG(("n is %d\n", n));

11$B>O(B ANSI/ISO$B5,3J(BC

11.1:$B!V(BANSI C $B5,3J!W$H$O2?$r0UL#$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:1983$BG/$K!"%"%a%j%+9qFbI8=`5,3J6(2q(B(ANSI)$B$O(BC$B8@8l$NI8=`2=$rL\;X(B
$B$70Q0w2q(BX3J11$B$rH/B-$5$;$?!#0Q0w2q$N:n6H$O!"%"%a%j%+9qFbI8=`5,(B
$B3J(BX3.159$B$H$7$F(B1989$BG/(B12$B7n(B14$BF|$K>5G'$5$l!"9q:]I8=`(BISO/IEC
9899:1990$B$H$7$F:NBr$5$l$?!#8e$KDIJd$,2C$o$C$F$$$k!#(B

11.2:   $B$I$&$d$l$P5,3J=q$rF~<j$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:      $B%K%e!<%h!<%/$N(BANSI$B$^$?$O%3%m%i%I=#(BEnglewood$B$N(BGlobal
Engineering Documents$B$^$?$O3F9q$N5,3J$r<h$j;E@Z$kCDBN(B($BF|K\$G$O(B
$BF|K\5,3J6(2q(B)$B$^$?$O%8%e%M!<%V$N(BISO$B$+$iF~<j2DG=$G$"$k!#K\$NCf$K(B
$B5,3J$r:FO?$7$F$$$k$b$N$b$"$k!#(B

11.2a:$B5,3J$N2~D{$N?J$_6q9g$K4X$9$k>pJs$O$I$3$+$iF@$i$l$k$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JS(BFAQ$B$rB-3]$+$j$K$9$k$3$H!#(B

11.3:   $B;d$,;H$C$F$$$k(BANSI$B%3%s%Q%$%i$O!"(Bfloat$B$H@k8@$7$?0z?t$G%W%m%H%?(B
$B%$%W$HIT0lCW$@$HJ86g$rIU$1$k!#(B

A:$B?7$7$$=q$-J}$G$"$k%W%m%H%?%$%W@k8@$N(B extern int func(float); $B$H!"(B
$B8E$$=q$-J}$NDj5A$N(B int func(x) float x; $B$r:.$<$F;H$C$F$$$k$+$i$G(B
$B$"$k!#(B"$B69$$(B"$B7?$N?75l$I$A$i$NN)>l$KN)$D$+$G2r<a$,0c$C$F$/$k!#$3(B
$B$NLdBj$O69$$7?$r;H$&$N$r$d$a$k$+!"?7$7$$=q$-J}(B($B%W%m%H%?%$%W(B)$B$@(B
$B$1$K$9$k$+8E$$=q$-J}$@$1$K$9$k$+$9$k$3$H$G2r7h$9$k!#(B

11.4:$B8E$$=q$-J}$H?7$7$$=q$-J}$N4X?t$N9=J8$r:.$<$F;H$C$F$b$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:      $B:#$N$H$3$m!"BgH>$N0z?t$G!"$^$C$?$/9gK!$G$"$k!#(B

11.5:   $B$J$<@k8@(B extern f(struct x *p); $B$G7Y9p%a%C%;!<%8$,=P$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B%W%m%H%?%$%WFb$G=i$a$F@k8@$5$l$?9=B$BN$O(B($BL>A0$,=P$F$/$k$@$1$G(B
$B$b(B)$B!"F1$8%=!<%9%U%!%$%kFb$G@k8@$5$l$F$$$kB>$N9=B$BN$H8_49@-$r(B
$B;}$D$3$H$,$G$-$J$$!#(B

11.8:$B$J$<(Bconst$B$NCM$r!"=i4|2=;R(B(initializer)$B$dG[Ns$NBg$-$5$K;H$((B
$B$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:      const$B$H=$>~$5$l$?%*%V%8%'%/%H$O!"Dj?t<0$H$$$&MQ8l$N;}$D$5$^$6(B
$B$^$J0UL#$r9M$($k$HDj?t<0$H$O0c$&!#(B

11.9:char const *p$B$H(Bchar * const p$B$N0c$$$O!#(B

A:char const *p$B$OJ8;zDj?t$X$N%]%$%s%?$G!"(Bchar * const p$B$OJ8;z$X(B
$B$N%]%$%s%?Dj?t$G$"$k!#(B

11.10:$B4X?t%W%m%H%?%$%W$K(Bconst char **$B$r0z?t$H$7$F<h$k$H@k8@$7$?4X?t(B
$B$K!"(Bchar **$B$rEO$9$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$N$O$J$<$+!#(B

A:$B=$>~IU$-$N(B(const$B$d(Bvolatile$B$,IU$$$F$k(B)$B%]%$%s%?7?$K>/$7$NIT0lCW(B
$B$r5v$7$F$$$k5,B'$O!":F5"E*$KE,MQ$5$l$k$o$1$G$O$J$$!#(B

11.12:main()$B$r(Bvoid$B$H$7$F@k8@$7$F!V(Bmain$B$NLa$jCM$,$J$$!W$H$$$&L\>c$j$J(B
$B%a%C%;!<%8$r>C$9$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$G$-$J$$!#(B

11.13:main$B4X?t$N(B3$BHVL\$N0z?t(Benvp$B$O!#(B

A:$B$3$l$O(B($B$h$/8+$+$1$k$1$l$I(B)$BI8=`$G$J$$3HD%$G$"$k!#(B

11.14:void main()$B$H@k8@$7$F$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$o$1$,$J$$$H;W$&!#$J$<$J$i(B
main()$B$+$iLa$kBe$o$j$K!"(Bexit()$B$r8F$s$G$$$k$+$i!#(B

A:main()$B$+$iLa$C$F$/$k$+$I$&$+$O4X78$J$$$7!"$=$N%9%F!<%?%9$r8+$k(B
$B$+$I$&$+$b4X78$J$$!#LdBj$O(Bmain()$B$r@5$7$/8F$S=P$9$3$H$9$i$G$-$J(B
$B$$$+$b$7$l$J$$$3$H$K$"$k!#(B

11.15:$BKM$,$$$D$b;H$C$F$$$kK\$K$O!"$$$D$b(Bvoid main()$B$H=q$$$F$"$k!#(B

A:      $B$=$NK\$O4V0c$C$F$$$k!#(B

11.16:exit(status)$B$NCM$O!"(Bmain()$B$+$i$NLa$jCM(Bstatus$B$HK\Ev$KEy$7$$$N$+!#(B

A:$BEy$7$$$H$-$b$"$k$70c$&$3$H$b$"$k!#(B($B>\:Y$K$D$$$F$OD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$r;2>H(B
$B$7$FM_$7$$!#(B)

11.17:ANSI$B$N(B"$BJ8;zNs$r:n$j=P$9(B"$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N1i;;;R(B#$B$r;H$C$F!"%^%/(B
$B%m$NL>A0$G$O$J$/$=$NCM$rJ8;zNs$K$9$k$N$O$I$&$d$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:#define$B$r(B2$BCJ3,$G;H$C$F!"%^%/%m$rJ8;zNs$K$9$k$@$1$G$J$/E83+$b$5(B
$B$l$k$h$&$K$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

11.18:$B!V7Y9p(B:$B%^%/%mE83+$,J8;zNs%j%F%i%kFb$GH/@8!W$H$$$&%a%C%;!<%8$O(B
$B2?$r0UL#$7$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:ANSI$B5,3J@.N)$h$jA0$N%3%s%Q%$%i(B/$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$K$O!"%^%/%m$N0z(B
$B?t$OJ8;zNs%j%F%i%k$dJ8;zDj?t$NCf$G$bE83+$9$k$b$N$,$"$C$?!#(B

11.19:#ifdef$B$G0O$s$GL58z$K$7$?%3!<%I$NFbB&$G!"4qL/$J9=J8%(%i!<$,H/@8(B
$B$7$?!#(B

A:ANSI C$B$G$O(B#if$B!"(B#ifdef$B!"(B#ifndef$B$K$h$C$F%3%s%Q%$%k$+$i(B"$BL58z$K$5$l$?(B"
$B%F%-%9%H$b!V%3%s%Q%$%kA0=hM}$N%H!<%/%s$H$7$FM-8z$J$b$N$G$"$k!W(B
$B$H$7$F$$$k!#$h$C$F0zMQId$G0O$^$l$?ItJ,$K2~9T$,$"$C$F$O$J$i$J$$$7!"(B
$B=*C<$N$J$$%3%a%s%H$d0zMQId(B($BNc(B:$BC;=L$7$?C18l$N%"%]%9%H%m%U%#(B)
$B$,$"$C$F$O$J$i$J$$!#(B

11.20:#pragma$B$H$O2?J*$+!#(B

A:#pragma$B$O!"5!G=$N3HD%$N$?$a$N!"$&$^$/Dj5A$5$l$?M#0l$N(B"$BHs>o8}(B"
$B$G$"$k!#(B

11.21:#pragma once$B$O2?$r0UL#$7$F$$$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$$$/$D$+$N%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$G!"%X%C%@%U%!%$%k$N!V$Y$-Ey!W2=(B
(2$BEY0J>eFI$_9~$^$l$F$bLdBj$,H/@8$7$J$$$h$&$K$9$k$N$r(B)$B$rMF0W(B
$B$K$9$k$?$a$N3HD%$H$7$FMQ0U$5$l$F$$$k!#(B

11.22:char a[3] = "abc";$B$O@5$7$$$N$+!#(B

A:ANSI C$B$G$OJ8K!E*$K@5$7$$!#(B

11.24:$B$J$<(Bvoid *$B%]%$%s%?$rAj<j$K;;=Q1i;;$r$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B%3%s%Q%$%i$K$O%]%$%s%?$,;X$9@h$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$NBg$-$5$,$o$+$i$J(B
$B$$$+$i$@!#(B

11.25:memcpy()$B$H(Bmemmove()$B$N0c$$$O!#(B

A:memmove()$B$O!"%3%T!<85$H%3%T!<@h$K=E$J$j$,$"$C$?$H$-$b$&$^$/07(B
$B$&$3$H$rJ]>Z$7$F$$$k!#(B

11.26:malloc(0)$B$O!"$I$&$$$&F0:n$r$9$Y$-$J$N$+!#(B

A:$BF0:n$O=hM}7O0MB8(B($B<ALd(B11.33$B;2>H(B)$B$G$"$k!#(B

11.27:$B$J$<(BANSI$B5,3J$O!"30It<1JL;R$N(B7$BJ8;zL\0J9_$K0UL#$,$"$k$3$H$dBgJ8(B
$B;z>.J8;z$N0c$$$rJ]>Z$7$J$$$N$+!#(B

A: $BLdBj$O8E$$%j%s%+$K$"$k!#8E$$%j%s%+$r(B($B5,3J$K$3$&$7$m$H=q$$$?$H$3$m$G(B
)$B%"%C%W%0%l!<%I$5$;$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!#(B

11.29:$B;d$N;H$C$F$$$k%3%s%Q%$%i$O!"9M$($i$l$k8B$j$N0lHVC1=c$J%F%9%H%W(B
$B%m%0%i%`$KBP$7$F$b!"$"$j$H$"$i$f$kJ8K!%(%i!<$G$O$M$D$1$k!#(B

A:$B7/$,;H$C$F$$$k$N$O$-$C$H(BANSI$B5,3J$,7h$^$kA0$K:n$i$l$?%3%s%Q%$%i(B
$B$J$s$@$m$&!#(B

11.30:ANSI$B%3%s%Q%$%i$r;H$C$F$$$k$N$K!"(BANSI/ISO$B5,3J$N%i%$%V%i%j%k!<%A(B
$B%s$GL$Dj5A$H$J$k$b$N$,$"$k$N$O$J$<$+!#(B

A:ANSI$B8_49$N%X%C%@%U%!%$%k$d%i%s%?%$%`%i%$%V%i%j$,$J$$$N$@$m$&!#(B

11.31:$BC/$+8E$$=q$-J}$N(BC$B%W%m%0%i%`$r(BANCI C$B$KJQ49$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$d!"$^(B
$B$?<+F0E*$K4X?t%W%m%H%?%$%W$r@8@.$9$k%D!<%k$r;}$C$F$$$J$$$+!#(B

A:      $B>\:Y$K$D$$$F$OD9JS(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

11.32:$B$J$<(BANSI$B=`5r$,Gd$jJ*$N(BC$B%3%s%Q%$%i!V9lE7!W$,!"$3$N%3!<%I$r$O$M(B
$B$D$1$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$O$M$i$l$?%3!<%I$,!"5,3J30$N3HD%5!G=$r;H$C$F$$$J$$<+?.$,$"$k$+!#(B

11.33:$B=hM}7ODj5A$N(B(implementation-defined)$BF0:n!"L$5,Dj$N(B
(unspecified)$BF0:n!"L$Dj5A$N(B(undefined)$BF0:n$N0c$$$O(B?

A:$B0\?"@-$N$"$k%3!<%I$r=q$/$N$J$i>e$N(B3$B$D$N0c$$$rL5;k$9$k$Y$7!#(B
$B0\?"@-$N$J$$%3!<%I$r=q$+$6$k$r$($J$/$J$C$?$iD9JS$r;2>H$7(B
$B$FM_$7$$!#(B

11.34:ANSI$B5,3J$K$OB?$/$NO@E@$,L$Dj5A$N$^$^J|CV$7$F$"$k$3$H$r9M$($k$H(B
$B?4G[$GLk$bL2$l$J$$!#(B

A:      $B5,3J$NBgItJ,$O$=$l$^$G$KB8:_$7$?=,47$rC1$KL@J82=$7$?$K$9$.$J$$!#(B

11.35:  ANSI$B=`5r$N%3%s%Q%$%i$G$OL$Dj5A$H$5$l$F$$$k%3!<%I$r;n$7$F$_$?$i!"(B
$B7k2L$O;d$NM=A[$7$?DL$j$@$C$?!#(B

A:$BL$Dj5A$NF0:n$K=P$/$o$7$?$i%3%s%Q%$%i$O9%$-$J$h$&$K?6$kIq$&!#$=(B
$B$NCf$K$O7/$,4|BT$7$?7k2L$b4^$^$l$k!#:#2s$O6vA30lCW$7$?$o$1$@!#(B

12$B>O(B $BI8=`F~=PNO%i%$%V%i%j(B

12.1:$B$J$<0J2<$N%3!<%I$O$&$^$/F0$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

char c;
while((c = getchar()) != EOF) ...

A:getchar()$B$NLa$jCM$r3JG<$9$kJQ?t$O(Bint$B$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

12.2:$B$J$<0J2<$N%3!<%I$O:G8e$N9T$r(B2$B2s%3%T!<$9$k$N$+!#(B

while(!feof(infp)) {
fgets(buf, MAXLINE, infp);
fputs(buf, outfp);
}

A:C$B$G$O!"F~NO%k!<%A%s$,<B:]$KFI$b$&$H$7$F%U%!%$%k$N=*$o$j(B
(End-Of-File)$B$K$?$I$jCe$$$?8e$K=i$a$F(BEOF$B$,N)$D$+$i$@!#(B

12.4:$B<+:n$N%W%m%0%i%`$N%W%m%s%W%H$HCf4V=PNO$,!"2hLL>e$K$"$i$o$l$J$$(B
$B$3$H$,$"$k!#(B

A:$B=PNO$,8+$($FM_$7$$$H$3$m$G$O!"I,$:L@<(E*$K(Bfflush(stdout)$B$r;H$C(B
$B$F=PNO$r$O$-$@$9$3$H!#(B

12.5:RETURN$B%-!<$,2!$5$l$k$N$rBT$D$3$H$J$/!"0lEY$K0lJ8;z$:$DFI$`$3$H(B
$B$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B<ALd(B19.1$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

12.6:$B$I$&$9$l$P!"(Bprintf$B$N%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$r;H$C$F(B'%'$B$r=PNO$G$-$k(B
$B$N$+!#(B

A:"%%"

12.9:scanf()$B$,(B%lf$B$r;H$&$N$K!"$I$&$7$F(Bprintf()$B$O(B%f$B$r;H$&$N$+!#(B

A:C$B$N(B"$B>JN,;~$N0z?t$N3J>e$2(B"$B$K$h$j!"%G!<%?7?(Bfloat$B$NJQ?t$O(Bdouble$B$K(B
$B3J>e$2$5$l$k$+$i$@!#(B

12.10:printf()$B$G%U%#!<%k%I$NI}$r2DJQ$K<BAu$9$k$K$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:printf("%*d", width, n)$B$r;H$&!#(B

12.11:$B@iC10L$G%3%s%^$G@Z$C$F?t$rI=<($9$k$N$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$BI8=`$N%k!<%A%s$H$$$&$N$OB8:_$7$J$$(B($B$?$@$7(B<locale.h>$B$OMW%A%'%C%/(B)$B!#(B

12.12:$B$J$<%3!<%I(Bscanf("%d", i);$B$,$&$^$/F0$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:scanf()$B$K$O!"0z?t$H$7$FI,$:%]%$%s%?$rEO$5$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

12.13:$B$J$<0J2<$N%3!<%I$OF0$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

double d;
scanf("%f", &d);

A:printf()$B$H0c$C$F(Bscanf()$B$G$O(Bdouble$B$K$O(B%lf$B$r!"(Bfloat$B$K$O(B%f$B$r;H$&!#(B

12.15:scanf()$B$N=q<0J8;zNs$G2DJQ$NI}$r;XDj$9$k$N$O$I$&$d$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B$G$-$J$$!#(B

12.17:scanf()$B$G(B"%d\n"$B$r;H$C$F%-!<%\!<%I$+$i?t$rFI$_<h$k$H!"$b$&(B1$B9TM>(B
$B7W$KBG$A9~$`$^$G!"%O%s%0$9$k$h$&$@!#(B

A:"%d\n"$B$G$O$J$/(B"%d"$B$r;H$&!#(B

12.18:scanf$B$N(B%d$B$r;H$C$F?t;z$rFI$s$G!"J8;zNs$r(Bgets()$B$GFI$b$&$H$7$F$$(B
$B$k!#$1$l$I%3%s%Q%$%i$O(Bgets()$B$N8F$S=P$7$rHt$P$7$F$$$k$h$&$@!#(B

A:scanf()$B$H(Bgets()$B$NAj@-$O0-$$!#(B

12.19:scanf()$B$K<:GT$7$?$i%f!<%6!<$K%W%m%s%W%H$rJV$7$F$$$k!#$1$l$I!"(B
$B$?$^$KL58B%k!<%W$KF~$C$F$7$^$&$h$&$@!#(B

A:scanf()$B$OIe$C$?F~NO$G(B"$B%8%c%`(B"$B$C$F$7$^$&!#Ie$C$?F~NO$r<N$F$J$$$+(B
$B$i$@!#(B

12.20:$B$I$&$7$FC/$b$,(Bscanf()$B$r;H$o$J$$$[$&$,$$$$$H$$$&$N$+!#Be$o$j$K(B
$B2?$r;H$($P$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:scanf()$B$K$O?tB?$/$NLdBj$,$"$k!#$?$$$F$$$N>l9g$O(B1$B9T4]!9FI$_9~$s(B
$B$G$+$i2r<a$9$k$[$&$,$:$C$H4JC1$G$"$k!#(B

12.21:sprintf()$B$N8F$S=P$7$G!"=q$/@h$N%P%C%U%!$,$I$l$/$i$$$NBg$-$5$,I,(B
$BMW$+$I$&$9$l$P$o$+$k$+!#(Bsprintf()$B$N8F$S=P$7$G=q$/@h$N%P%C%U%!$r!"(B
$B$I$&$9$l$P$"$U$l$5$;$:$K$9$`$+!#(B

A:$B$3$N(B2$B$D$N1T$$<ALd$K$ON)GI$J2rEz$O(B($B$^$@(B)$B$J$$!#(B

12.23:$B$J$<(Bgets()$B$r;H$&$J$HC/$b$,8@$&$N$+!#(B

A:$BF~NO%P%C%U%!$,$"$U$l$F$7$^$&$3$H$rKI$0$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$+$i$@!#(B

12.24:$B$J$<(Bprintf()$B$r8F$V$HJQ?t(Berrno$B$K(BENOTTY$B$,@_Dj$5$l$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B?4G[$7$J$/$F$$$$!#%W%m%0%i%`$G(Berrno$B$NCf?H$rD4$Y$k$3$H$K0UL#$,$"$k$N$O!"(B
$B%(%i!<$,JV$5$l$?$H$-$@$1$@!#(B

12.25:fgetpos/fsetpos$B$H(Bftell/fseek$B$N0c$$$O!#(B

A:fgetpos()$B$H(Bfsetpos()$B$O!"FCJL$J(Btypedef$B$G$"$k(Bfpos_t$B$r;H$C$F%*%U(B
$B%;%C%H$rI=8=$9$k!#(Bfpos_t$B$,E,@Z$KA*$P$l$F$$$l$P(B(long$B$N%*%U%;%C(B
$B%H$KG{$i$l$?(B) ftell()$B$d(Bfseek()$B$r;H$&$h$j$bBg$-$J%U%!%$%k$r07$&(B
$B$3$H$,$G$-$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!#(B

12.26:fflush(stdin)$B$GI8=`F~NO$N%9%H%j!<%`$K;D$C$F$$$kL$FI$NJ8;z$r<N(B
$B$F$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B

A:$B$G$-$J$$!#(B

12.30:fopen$B$N%b!<%I(B"r+"$B$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k$r3+$$$F!"$=$N%U%!%$%k$N<BBN(B
$B>e$G>e=q$-$7$F99?7$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k!#$G$b$&$^$/$$$+$J$$!#(B

A:$B=q$$$?$jFI$s$@$j$9$kA0$KI,$:(Bfseek()$B$rI,$:8F$V$3$H!#(B

12.33:$B%W%m%0%i%`$NCf$+$i(Bstdin$B$d(Bstdout$B$N@h$r%U%!%$%k$K%j%@%$%l%/%H$9(B
$B$k$K$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:freopen()$B$r;H$&!#(B

12.34:freopen()$B$r;H$C$?8e$G!"85$N(Bstdout($B$"$k$$$O(Bstdin)$B$KLa$9$3$H$,$G(B
$B$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$h$$J}K!$OB8:_$7$J$$!#(Bfreopen()$B$J$s$F;H$o$J$$$h$&$K$9$k!#(B

12.38:$B%P%$%J%j%G!<%?$N%U%!%$%k$r!"$A$c$s$HFI$`$K$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:fopen()$B$r8F$V:]$K!"I,$:(B"rb"$B%b!<%I$r;XDj$9$k!#(B

13$B>O(B $B%i%$%V%i%j4X?t(B

13.1:$B$I$&$9$l$P?t$rJ8;zNs$KJQ49$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$J$K$b9M$($:$K(Bsprintf()$B$r;H$(!#(B

13.2:$B$J$<(Bstrncpy()$B$O%3%T!<@h$NJ8;zNs$K!"=*C<J8;z$N(B'\0'$B$rIU$1$J$$$3(B
$B$H$,$"$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $B$A$g$C$H6=L#?<$$Nr;KE*$JM}M3$K$h$k!#(B

13.5:$B$I$&$7$F(Btoupper()$B$NCf$K$OBgJ8;z$rM?$($k$HJQ$JF0$-$r$9$k$b$N$,(B
$B$"$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B8E$$HG$N(Btoupper()$B$d(Btolower()$B$O$3$NE@$G@5$7$/F0$+$J$$>l9g$,$"$C(B
$B$?!#(B

13.6:$BJ8;zNs$r6uGrJ8;zNs$K$h$C$F6h@Z$i$l$?%U%#!<%k%I$KJ,$1$k$N$O$I$&(B
$B$d$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:strtok()$B$r;H$C$F$_$h$&!#(B

13.7:$B@55,I=8=$H$+%o%$%k%I%+!<%I$r;H$C$?Hf3S$r$9$k%3!<%I$,I,MW$H$J$C(B
$B$?!#(B

A:      $B@55,I=8=$N%i%$%V%i%j$O?tB?$/$"$k!#>\:Y$K$D$$$F$OD9JS$r;2>H$7$F(B
$BM_$7$$!#(B

13.8:$BJ8;zNs$NG[Ns$r(Bqsort()$B$G%=!<%H$9$k$N$K!"(Bstrcmp()$B$rHf3SMQ$N4X?t(B
$B$H$7$F;HMQ$7$F$$$k$,!"$&$^$/$$$+$J$$!#(B

A:$BHf3S$N$?$a$NJd=u$N4X?t$r=q$/!#$3$NHf3S$K;H$&4X?t$N0z?t$OHFMQ$N(B
$B%]%$%s%?$r(B2$B$D<h$k!#$3$l$i$N0z?t$r(Bchar **$B$KJQ49$7!"$=$l$r4V@\;2(B
$B>H$7$h$&!#$3$l$G(Bchar *$B$,F@$i$l$k$N$G!"Hf3S$K;H$($k!#(B

13.9:qsort()$B$r;H$C$F9=B$BN$NG[Ns$r%=!<%H$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k!#$1$l$I%3(B
$B%s%Q%$%i$O!";d$N4X?t$,(Bqsort()$B$N0z?t$H$7$F$O4V0c$C$?%G!<%?7?$@(B
$B$HJ86g$rIU$1$k!#(B

A:$BHf3S$K;H$&4X?t$O(B"$BHFMQ$N%]%$%s%?(B" (const void *)$B$r0z?t$H$7$F<h(B
$B$k$H@k8@$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#$3$l$r9=B$BN$X$N%]%$%s%?$KJQ(B
$B49$9$k!#(B

13.10:$B%j%s%/IU$-%j%9%H$r$I$&$d$C$F%=!<%H$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$BA^F~%=!<%H(B(insertion sort)$B$d%^!<%8%=!<%H(B(merge sort)$B$N$h$&$J%"(B
$B%k%4%j%:%`$O%j%s%/IU$-%j%9%H$H$$$C$7$g$K;H$&$N$K8~$$$F$$$k!#$3(B
$B$N$[$+$K!"%j%9%H$r:n$C$F$$$k4V$:$C$H%j%9%H$NMWAG$N=g$,Mp$l$J$$(B
$B$h$&$K$7$F$*$/<j$b$"$k!#(B

13.11:$B%a%b%j$K<}$^$j$-$i$J$$NL$N%G!<%?$r$I$&$d$C$F%=!<%H$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B!V30It%=!<%H(B(external sort)$B!W$r;H$($P$$$$!#>\:Y$K$D$$$F$OD9JS(B
FAQ$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

13.12:C$B$N%W%m%0%i%`$G;~9o$rF@$k$N$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B4X?t(Btime()$B$H(Bctime()$B$+(Blocaltime()$B!"$^$?$O$3$l$i$N$9$Y$F$r;H$&!#(B

13.13:$B9=B$BN(Btm$B$dJ8;zNs$+$i(Btime_t$B$X$NJQ49$O$I$&$d$C$F9T$($P$$$$$+!#(B

A:ANSI C$B$O!"9=B$BN(Btm$B$r(Btime_t$B$KJQ49$9$k%i%$%V%i%j4X?t(Bmktime()$B$rMQ(B
$B0U$7$F$$$k!#(B $B;~4V$rI=$9J8;zNs$r2r@O(B(parse)$B$9$kJ}$OI8=`$N%k!<%A(B
$B%s$O$J$$!#(B

13.14:  $BF|IU$N0z$-;;$dB-$7;;$O$I$&$d$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:ANSI/ISO$B5,3J$N(BC$B8@8l$O!"(Bmktime()$B$H(Bdifftime()$B$H$$$&4X?t$r!">e$N(B
$BMW5a$N0lIt$KEz$($k$?$a$KMQ0U$7$F$$$k!#(B

13.15:$BMp?tH/@84o$,M_$7$$!#(B

A:$BI8=`$N(BC$B%i%$%V%i%j$K(Brand()$B$H$$$&$N$,B8:_$9$k!#(B

13.16:$B$"$kHO0O$N@0?t$+$i$J$kMp?t$O$I$&$d$C$?$i@8@.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:      1$B$D$N$d$jJ}$O!"(B

(int)((double)rand() / ((double)RAND_MAX + 1) * N)

13.17:$B;d$N%W%m%0%i%`$rAv$i$;$k$?$S!"$$$D$b4X?t(Brand()$B$+$iF1$8Mp?tNs$,(B
$BJV$C$F$/$k!#(B

A:srand()$B$r;H$C$F!"5<;wMp?tH/@84o$KK\Ev$K%i%s%@%`$J=i4|CM$rM?$((B
$B$l$P$$$$!#(B

13.18:$B??56CM$+$i$J$kMp?t$,M_$7$$$N$G(Brand() % 2$B$r;H$C$?$H$3$m!"7k2L$O(B
0$B$H(B1$B$,8r8_$K8=$l$k$@$1$@$C$?!#(B

A:$B>e0L$N%S%C%H$r;H$*$&!#<ALd(B13.16$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

13.20:$B@55,J,I[$D$^$j%,%&%9J,I[$NMp?t$r@8@.$9$k$N$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:      $B%R%s%H$OD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

13.24:$B8E$$%W%m%0%i%`$r0\?"$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k!#$J$<!VL$Dj5A$N30It%7%s%\(B
$B%k!W$H$$$&%(%i!<$,=P$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $B%R%s%H$OD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

13.24:  $B8E$$%W%m%0%i%`$r0\?"$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k!#$I$&$7$F(B"$BL$Dj5A$N30It%7(B
$B%s%\%k(B(undefined external)"$B$H$$$&%(%i!<$,%i%$%V%i%j4X?t$KBP$7(B
$B$F=P$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $B$h$/;H$o$l$F$$$?$1$II8=`$K$J$i$J$+$C$?4X?t$NCf$K$O!"L>A0$rJQ$((B
$B$i$l$?$jJL$N4X?t$K<h$C$FBe$o$i$l$?$b$N$,$"$k!#>\:Y$K$D$$$F$OD9(B
$BJS(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

13.25:$B!V%i%$%V%i%j$N%k!<%A%s$,L$Dj5A!W$H$$$&%(%i!<$,=P$?$^$^$G$"$k!#(B
$B@5$7$$%X%C%@%U%!%$%k$r$9$Y$F(B#include$B$7$?$N$K!#(B

A:$B%W%m%0%i%`$r%j%s%/$9$k$H$-$K@5$7$$%i%$%V%i%j$,8+$D$+$k$h$&$K!"(B
$B%Q%9$rL@5-$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$+$b$7$l$J$$!#(B

13.26:$B$=$l$G$b!V%i%$%V%i%j$N%k!<%A%s$,L$Dj5A!W$H$$$&%(%i!<$,=P$?$^$^(B
$B$G$"$k!#:#EY$O%j%s%/$9$k$H$-$K%i%$%V%i%j$rL@<(E*$K;XDj$7$?$N$K!#(B

A:$B%i%$%V%i%j$N8!:w=g=x$K$O0UL#$,$"$k!#IaDL$O%i%$%V%i%j$r:G8e$KC5(B
$B$9$h$&$K;XDj$9$Y$-$@!#(B

13.28:$B%j%s%+$,(B_end$B$,L$Dj5A$@$HJ86g$r$D$1$F$/$k$N$O$I$&$$$&$H$-$+!#(B

A:$B$3$N%a%C%;!<%8$,=P$k$N$O!"B>$K$bL$Dj5A$N$b$N$,$"$k$H$-$@$1$G$"(B
$B$k!#(B

14$B>O(B $BIbF0>.?tE@(B

14.1:$BIbF0>.?tE@$NJQ?t$r!"Nc$($P(B3.1$B$K@_Dj$9$k$H!"$I$&$7$F(Bprintf()$B$O(B
3.0999999$B$H=PNO$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$?$$$F$$$N%3%s%T%e!<%?$OIbF0>.?tE@?t$K!"@0?t$K$HF1$8$h$&$K!"(B2
$B?J?t$rMQ$$$F$$$k!#B?$/$N>.?t$,(B(0.1$B$b4^$a$F(B)$B!"(B2$B?J?t$G$O@53N$KI=(B
$B8=$G$-$J$$!#(B

14.2:   $B$I$&$7$F(Bsqrt(144.)$B$N7k2L$,$H$s$G$b$J$$?t$K$J$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$^$:(B<math.h>$B$r(B#include$B$7$?$3$H$r3NG'$7$F!"<!$K(Bdouble$B$rJV$94X?t(B
$B$r@5$7$/@k8@$7$?$3$H$r3NG'$9$k!#(B

14.3:   $B!V(B_sin$BL$Dj5A!W$H$$$&%3%s%Q%$%k%(%i!<$,;_$^$i$J$$!#(B

A:$B$^$:$O?t3X4X?t$N%i%$%V%i%j$,K\Ev$K%j%s%/$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$r3NG'$9(B
$B$k$3$H!#(B

14.4:$BIbF0>.?tE@$N7W;;$N7k2L$,JQ$G!"$7$+$b%^%7%s$K$h$C$F0c$C$?Ez$($,JV$C(B
$B$F$/$k!#(B

A:$B$^$:$O>e$N<ALd(B14.2$B$r;2>H$9$k$3$H!#LdBj$,$=$s$J$KC1=c$G$J$$$H$-(B
$B$O!"D9JS(BFAQ$B$K4J7i$J@bL@$,=P$F$$$k!#$^$H$b$J%W%m%0%i%`$NK\$J$i(B
$B$h$j$h$$J}K!$,:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

14.5:2$B$D$NIbF0>.?tE@$NCM$,(B"$B==J,6a$$(B"$B$3$H$rH=Dj$9$k$h$$J}K!$O!#(B

A:2$B$D$NIbF0>.?tE@$NCM$rHf3S$9$k:G>e$NJ}K!$O@:EY$N$7$-$$CM$r;H$&(B
$B$3$H$G$"$k!#@:EY$N$7$-$$CM$O!"Hf3S$7$"$&?t$NBg$-$5$KHfNc$5$;$k!#(B

14.6:$B?t$r4]$a$k$K$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:      $B@5$N?t$J$i(B(int)(x + 0.5)$B$r;H$&!#(B

14.7:C$B$N$Y$->h1i;;;R$O$I$l$J$s$@$m$&!#(B

A:pow()$B$r;H$*$&!#(B

14.8:$B;d$,;H$C$F$k%^%7%s$N(B<math.h>$B$+$i$"$i$+$8$aDj5A$5$l$F$$$k$O$:$N(B
$BDj?t(BM_PI$B$,O3$l$F$$$k$h$&$@!#(B

A:$B$3$NDj?t$OI8=`$G$O$J$$!#(B

14.9:IEEE$B$N(BNan$B$H$+!"$=$NB>$NFCJL$JCM$+$I$&$+$N%F%9%H$O$I$&$d$l$P$$$$(B
$B$+!#(B

A:      $B0\?"@-$N9b$$J}K!$O$^$@$J$$!#(B $B$7$+$7D9JS(BFAQ$B$K%R%s%H$,:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

14.11:C$B$GJ#AG?t$r<BAu$9$k$h$$J}K!$O!#(B

A:$B4JC1$J$N$O!"C1=c$J9=B$BN$H$=$N9=B$BN$rA`:n$9$k;;=Q4X?t$r$$$/$D(B
$B$+MQ0U$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!#(B

14.12:$B?tCM1i;;%i%$%V%i%j$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$rC5$7$F$$$k!#(B

A:Ajay Shah$B$,%U%j!<$G<j$KF~$k;;=Q%=%U%H%&%(%"$NL\O?$r4IM}$7$F$$(B
$B$k!#$3$l$O(Brtfm.mit.edu$B$N%G%#%l%/%H%j(Bcomp.lang.c$B$K%"!<%+%$%V$5(B
$B$l$F$$$k(B($B<ALd(B20.40$B$b;2>H$N$3$H(B)$B!#(B

14.13:Turbo C$B$G%W%m%0%i%`$r<B9T$9$k$H!VIbF0>.?tE@%U%)!<%^%C%H$,%j%s(B
$B%/$5$l$F$$$J$$!W$H$$$C$F%/%i%C%7%e$9$k$N$G:$$C$F$$$k!#(B

A:$BIbF0>.?tE@?t4XO"5!G=$r6/@)E*$K%m!<%I$5$;$k$h$&$K!"IbF0>.?t%i%$(B
$B%V%i%j$r;H$&%k!<%A%s$rM>J,$K8F$P$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$!#(B

15$B>O(B $B2DJQ8D?t<B0z?t%j%9%H(B

15.1:printf()$B$r8F$VA0$KI,$:(B<stdio.h>$B$rI,$:(B#include$B$9$k$h$&$K$H8@$o(B
$B$l$?!#$J$<(B?

A:printf()$B$N@5$7$$%W%m%H%?%$%W$,%9%3!<%W$KF~$k$h$&$K$9$k$?$a$K$G(B
$B$"$k!#(B

15.2:$B$I$&$7$F(B%f$B$r(Bprintf()$B$N(Bfloat$B$NJQ?t$K$b(Bdouble$B$NJQ?t$K$b;H$&$3$H(B
$B$,$G$-$k$N$+!#$3$N(B2$B$D$OJL$N%G!<%?7?$G$O$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B2DJQ8D?t<B0z?t%j%9%H$G$O!"(Bchar$B$H(Bshort int$B$O(Bint$B$K!"(Bfloat$B$O(B
double$B$K$=$l$>$l3J>e$2$5$l$k!#(B

15.3:$B$I$&$7$F(BANSI$B$N4X?t%W%m%H%?%$%W$O(Bprintf()$B$N0z?t$N7?$NIT0lCW$+$i(B
$B<i$C$F$/$l$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B%W%m%H%?%$%W$O2DJQ8D?t$N0z?t$N?t$d$=$N%G!<%?7?$K$D$$$F$N>pJs$r(B
$B65$($F$/$l$J$$$N$G!"%A%'%C%/$N$7$h$&$,$J$$!#(B

15.4:$B2DJQ8D?t$N0z?t$r<h$k4X?t$r$I$&$d$C$F=q$1$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:<stdarg.h>$B$K$"$k5!G=$r;H$&!#(B

15.5:printf()$B$N$h$&$K=q<0J8;zNs$H2DJQ8D?t$N0z?t$r$b$i$C$F!"0z?t$r(B
printf()$B$KEO$7$F!";E;v$N$[$H$s$I(Bprintf()$B$K$d$i$;$k$h$&$J4X?t$r!"(B
$B$I$&$d$C$F=q$1$P$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:vprintf()$B$+(Bvfprintf()$B$+(Bvsprintf()$B$r;H$&!#(B

15.6:scanf()$B$KN`;w$N4X?t$r=q$$$F!"(Bscanf()$B$r8F$s$G$[$H$s$I$N;E;v$r$5(B
$B$;$?$$!#$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B;DG0$J$,$i!"(Bvscanf$B$NN`$OI8=`$G$O$J$$!#<+J,$G=q$/$7$+$J$$!#(B

15.7:ANSI$B5,3J7hDjA0$K3+H/$5$l$?%3%s%Q%$%i$r;H$C$F$$$k$,!"(B<stdarg.h>
$B$,$J$$!#$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B8E$$%X%C%@(B<varargs.h>$B$H$$$&$N$,$"$C$F!"$3$l$,$[$H$s$IF1$85!G=(B
$B$rDs6!$9$k!#(B

15.8:$B4X?t$,!"<B:]$K$$$/$D0z?t$rEO$5$l$?$+CN$kJ}K!$O$"$k$+!#(B

A:$B2DJQ8D?t0z?t$r<h$k4X?t$O!"0z?t<+?H$+$i0z?t$N?t$rH=CG$G$-$k$h$&(B
$B$K:n$i$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

15.9:$B:#;H$C$F$$$k%3%s%Q%$%i$O2DJQ8D?t$N0z?t$7$+$J$$4X?t$r@k8@$5$;$F(B
$B$/$l$J$$!#8GDj$N0z?t$J$7$G$OBLL\$J$h$&$@!#(B

A:$BI8=`(BC$B$O>/$J$/$H$b(B1$B$D8GDj$N0z?t$rI,MW$H$9$k!#(B

15.10:$B$I$&$7$F(B va_arg(argp, float) $B$G$O$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B2DJQ8D?t$N<B0z?t%j%9%H$N2DJQ8D?t$NItJ,$K$O!"8E$$!V>JN,;~$N0z?t(B
$B3J>e$2!W$,E,1~$5$l$k!#I,$:(B va_arg(artp, double) $B$H=q$+$J$1$l$P(B
$B$J$i$J$$!#(B

15.11:va_arg()$B%^%/%m$r;H$C$?$,!"4X?t$X$N%]%$%s%?$N%G!<%?7?$r;}$D0z?t(B
$B$r<h$j=P$9$3$H$,;d$N5;NL$G$O$G$-$J$$!#(B

A:typedef$B$r;H$*$&!#(B

15.12:$B2DJQ8D?t$N0z?t$r;}$A!"$=$N0z?t$rJL$N4X?t(B($B$=$N4X?t$b2DJQ8D?t$N0z(B
$B?t$r<h$k(B)$B$KEO$94X?t$r$I$&$d$C$F5-=R$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:$B0lHLE*$K$O$G$-$J$$!#(B

15.13:$B<B9T;~$K!"0z?t%j%9%H$r$D$/$C$F4X?t$r8F$S=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$G$-$J$$!#(B

16$B>O(B $B4qL/$JLdBj(B

16.2a:$B$o$1$,$o$+$i$J$$J8K!%(%i!<$,=P$?!#%W%m%0%i%`$NBgItJ,$,%3%s%Q%$(B
$B%k$5$l$J$$$^$^$N$h$&$K8+$($k!#(B

A:$B%3%a%s%H$rJD$8K:$l$F$J$$$+$H$+!"%W%j%W%m%;%C%5;XNa(B
(#if/#ifdef/#ifndef/#else/#endif)$B$NBP1~$,<h$l$F$$$J$$$H$+$r%A%'%C(B
$B%/$7$h$&!#(B

16.2b:  $B$I$&$7$F<jB3$-8F$S=P$7(B(procedure)$B$,$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:$B$?$H$(0z?t$,$J$/$F$b!"4X?t8F$S=P$7$K$O3g8L$G$/$/$C$?0z?t%j%9%H(B
$B$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B

16.3:   $B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`!"Av$kA0$K;`$s$G$7$^$&!#(B

A:      $B5pBg$J%m!<%+%k$NG[Ns$,$J$$$+D4$Y$h$&!#(B
        ($B<ALd(B11.12, 16.4, 16.5, 18.4.$B$b;2>H$N$3$H!#(B)

16.4:$B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$O@5$7$/F0$$$F$$$k$h$&$K8+$($k$1$l$I!":G8e$N$H$3(B
$B$m$G%/%i%C%7%e$9$k!#(B

A:$BD9JS(BFAQ$B$K%R%s%H$,:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

16.5:$B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`!"$"$k%^%7%s$G$O$&$^$/Av$k$N$K!"JL$N%^%7%s$@$HJQ(B
$B$J7k2L$rJV$9!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$O!"$$$/$D$+2DG=@-$N$"$k>l9g$K$D$$$F@bL@$7$F$$$k!#(B

16.6:$B$J$<0J2<$N%3!<%I$O%/%i%C%7%e$9$k$N$+!#(B

char *p = "hello, world!";
p[0] = 'H';

A:$BJ8;zNsDj?t$O!"(B($B<B:]>e(B)$BG[Ns$N=i4|2=;R$H$7$F;H$o$l$k$H$-$r=|$$$F(B
$B$O!"JQ992DG=$G$O$J$$!#(B

16.8:$B!V%;%0%a%s%F!<%7%g%s0cH?(B(Segmentation violation)$B!W$H$O2?$r0UL#(B
$B$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B$3$l$O0lHL$K!"%"%/%;%9$9$Y$-$G$J$$5-21NN0h$K%W%m%0%i%`$,%"%/%;(B
$B%9$7$h$&$H$7$?$3$H$r0UL#$7$F$$$k!#$-$C$H%9%?%C%/$,2u$l$?$+%]%$(B
$B%s%?$N;H$$J}$,E,@Z$G$J$+$C$?$+$i$K0c$$$J$$!#(B

17$B>O(B $B%9%?%$%k(B

17.1:C$B$N%3!<%I$NG[CV$G:GNI$N$b$N$O$I$s$J$b$N$+!#(B

A:      $B@dBP$N(B"$B:G>e$N=q$-J}(B"$B$OB8:_$7$J$$!#$?$@$7!"D9JS(BFAQ$B$K$O%R%s%H$,(B
$B:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

17.3:if(!strcmp(s1, s2)) $B$O$h$$=q$-J}(B?

A:$BJL$K!#(B

17.4:$B$I$&$7$F(B if(x == 0) $B$H=q$/Be$o$j$K!"(Bif(0 == x) $B$H=q$/?M$,$$$k(B
$B$N$+!#(B

A:$B$3$l$O$h$/(B if(x = 0) $B$H=q$$$F$7$^$&$3$H$rKI$0$?$a$N%3%D$G$"$k!#(B

($BLuCm(B:$BK\$N$[$&$K$O!"$3$l$O$H$/$K$h$$=q$-J}$H$$$&$o$1$G$O$J$$$H(B
$B=q$$$F$"$k!#<B:]$3$l$G$ON>JU$,JQ?t$N>l9g$N(B if(a = b) $B$H$$$&8m(B
$B$j$rB*$($k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!#$3$s$J>.<j@h$N5;$r3P$($k2K$,$"$l$P!"(B
lint$B$N;H$$J}$r3P$($k$3$H!#(B)

17.5:printf()$B$r8F$S=P$7$F$$$k$H$3$m$9$Y$F$K!"$$$A$$$A(B(void)$B$N%-%c%9(B
$B%H$rIU$1$F$$$k%3!<%I$r8+$+$1$?!#$J$<$3$s$J$3$H$r$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:$BLa$jCM$rFI$^$:$K<N$F$k$H7Y9p$,=P$k$N$G!"$3$N7Y9p$,=P$J$$$h$&$K(B
$B$9$k$?$a!#(B

17.8:$B!V%O%s%,%j!<5-K!(B(Hungarian Notation)$B!W$H$O!#;H$&2ACM$,$"$k$+!#(B

A:$B%O%s%,%j!<5-K!$OL>A0$NIU$1$+$?$N<h$j7h$a$G!"$3$l$OJQ?t$N7?$rJQ(B
$B?t$NL>A0$NCf$KN,9f$H$7$FKd$a$3$`$b$N$G$"$k!#(B

17.9:Indian Hill$B%9%?%$%k%,%$%I$d$=$N$[$+$N%3!<%G%#%s%05,Ls$r$I$3$+$i(B
$B<j$KF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$rFI$s$GM_$7$$!#(B

17.10:goto$B$O0-$G@dBP$K;H$C$F$O$J$i$J$$$H$$$&?M$,$$$k!#$A$g$C$H$3$l$O(B
$B9T$-2a$.$G$O$J$$$+!#(B

A:$B$=$&$@$M!#NI$$%W%m%0%i%`$N=q$-J}$r%,%A%,%A$N5,B'$G7h$a$h$&$H$9(B
$B$k$N$O40`z$+$i$[$I1s$$J}K!$@!#(B

18$B>O(B $BF;6q$H;q8;(B

18.1:C$B$N3+H/%D!<%k(B($B%/%m%9%j%U%!%l%s%9$r@8@.$9$k%D!<%k$H$+!"@07A%D!<(B
$B%k$J$I(B)$B$rC5$7$F$$$k!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K%W%m%0%i%`$NL>A0$,$$$/$D$+5s$C$F$$$k!#(B

18.2:malloc()$B$NLq2p$JLdBj$O$I$&$d$C$FDI@W$9$l$P$$$$$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K%D!<%k$N0lMw$,=P$F$$$k!#(B

18.3:$B%U%j!<$^$?$O0B$/<j$KF~$k(BC$B%3%s%Q%$%i$K$O$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$"$k$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K$A$g$C$H$7$?L\O?$,=P$F$$$k!#(B

18.4:$B%W%m%0%i%`$rBG$A9~$s$@$H$3$m$@$1$l$I!"$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$O4qL/$JF0(B
$B$-$r$9$k!#$I$3$+JQ$J$H$3$m$,$"$k$+!#(B

A:$B$^$:$O(Blint$B$rAv$i$;$F$_$h$&!#(B

18.5:malloc$B$r8F$V$?$S$K(Blint$B$,=P$9!V7Y9p(B:$B%]%$%s%?$N@09g$KLdBj$N2D(B
$BG=@-$"$j(B(warning:possible pointer alignment problem)$B!W$H$$$&(B
$B%a%C%;!<%8$r>C$9J}K!$O$"$k$+!#(B

A:grep -v$B$G$b;H$C$F>!<j$KL5;k$9$k$[$&$,<j7Z$@$m$&!#(B

18.7:ANSI$B8_49$N(Blint$B$O$I$3$G<j$KF~$k$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K@=IJ%W%m%0%i%`$,(B2$B$D>R2p$5$l$F$$$k!#(B

18.8:ANSI$B$N4X?t%W%m%H%?%$%W$,MQ0U$5$l$?$3$H$G(Blint$B$O;~BeCY$l$K$J$C$?(B
$B$N$+!#(B

A:$B$^$@$^$@!#$h$/$G$-$?%3%s%Q%$%i$J$i(Blint$B$N?GCG$NBgH>$r$d$C$F$/$l(B
$B$k$@$m$&$,!"(Blint$B$N9T$&A4It$N?GCG$r9T$&%3%s%Q%$%i$O>/$J$$!#(B

18.9:C$B$NFH=,=q$d$=$NB>$NCNE*;q8;$r%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$GF~<j$9$k$3$H$O$G(B
$B$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B$$$/$D$+B8:_$9$k!#(B

18.10:C$B8@8l$r3X$V$N$K$h$$K\$O(B?

A:C$B$K4X$9$kK\$OB?$9$.$F!"$3$3$GL>A0$rA4It5s$2$k$3$H$OIT2DG=$G$"(B
$B$k!#<h$C3]$+$j$H$7$FD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$r8+$FM_$7$$!#(B

18.13:$BI8=`$N(BC$B%i%$%V%i%j$N%=!<%9$O$I$3$K$"$k$N$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K!"F~<j$G$-$k2DG=@-$N$"$k$b$N$,$$$/$D$+5s$C$F$$$k!#(B

18.14:$B<0$r9=J82r@O$7$F!"<0$N1i;;7k2L$rF@$k%3!<%I$,M_$7$$!#(B

A:      $BF~<j2DG=$J%Q%C%1!<%8$NOC$,D9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K=P$F$$$k!#(B

18.15:C$B8@8l$NJ8K!$r(BBNF$B$d(BYACC$B$G=q$$$?$b$N$O!"$I$3$G<j$KF~$k$+!#(B

A:      ANSI$B5,3J$=$N$b$N$+!"D9JSHG(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$K$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

18.15a:C$B%3%s%Q%$%i$NBEEv@-$r8!::$9$k0lO"$N%F%9%H$r$@$l$+;}$C$F$$$J$$(B
$B$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$KF~<j@h$,=P$F$$$k!#(B

18.15c:$BLr$KN)$A$=$&$J%3!<%I$N@Z$lC<$dNc$r=8$a$?$b$N$O$I$3$+$iF~<j2DG=(B
$B$+!#(B

A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$KF~<j@h$,:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

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$B$OFCJL$J0UL#$r;}$?$J$$!#(B

20.24:$B$I$&$7$F(BC$B$K$OF~$l;R$N4X?t$,MQ0U$5$l$F$$$J$$$N$+!#(B

A:C$B$,C1=c$5$r<:$o$J$$$h$&$K0U?^E*$K>JN,$5$l$?!#(B

20.25:$B$I$&$9$l$P(BC$B$+$i(BFORTRAN($B$"$k$$$O(BC++$B!"(BBASIC$B!"(BPascal$B!"(BAda$B!"(BLISP)
$B$N4X?t$r5/F0$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:$B2rEz$O!";HMQCf$N%^%7%s$d%3%s%Q%$%i$,4X?t$r5/F0$9$kJ}K!$K0MB8$9(B
$B$k!#(B

20.26:Pascal$B$"$k$$$O(BFORTRAN$B$r(BC$B$KJQ49$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$rCN$i$J$$$+!#(B

A:$B<+M3$KG[I[2DG=$J%W%m%0%i%`$,$$$/$D$+B8:_$9$k!#Nc$($P(Bptoc$B$d(B
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20.27:C++$B$N%3%s%Q%$%i$r(BC$B$N%3!<%I$N%3%s%Q%$%k$K;H$&$3$H$O$G$-$k$+!#(B

A:      $BI,$:$7$b$G$-$k$H$O$+$.$i$J$$!#$&$k$5$$$3$H$r$$$&$H(BC++$B$O(BC$B$N(B
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A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K%R%s%H$,:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

20.29:$B%O%C%7%eK!$H$O!#(B

A:$B%O%C%7%eK!$H$OJ8;zNs(B($B$"$k$$$O$=$NB>$N%G!<%?9=B$(B)$B$r!"8!:w$,MF0W(B
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20.31:$BF|IU$+$iMKF|$r5a$a$kJ}K!$O!#(B

A:      mktime()$B$+(BZeller$B$N8x<0$r;H$&!#D9JSHG(BFAQ$B$K$O$=$NB>$NJ}K!$N%3!<(B
$B%I$b:\$C$F$$$k!#(B

20.32:$B5*85(B2000$BG/$O$&$k$&G/$+!#(B

A:$B$&$k$&G/$@!#(B

20.34:$B=PNO$H$7$F!"<+J,<+?H$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$r;:$_=P$9%3!<%I$O$I$&=q$1$P(B
$B$$$$$N$+!#(B

A:      $B$3$l$G$I$&$@!#(B

 char*s="char*s=%c%s%c;main(){printf(s,34,s,34);}";
main(){printf(s,34,s,34);}

20.35:"$B%@%U$N%G%P%$%9(B(Duff's Device)"$B$H$O!#(B

A:$B$H$s$G$b$J$/6J$,$j$/$M$C$FE83+$5$l$?%P%$%H%3%T!<$N4X?t$G$"$k!#(B
$B>\:Y$K$D$$$F$OD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$r;2>H$7$FM_$7$$!#(B

20.36:$B<!$N9q:]Fq2r(BC$B%3!<%I%3%s%F%9%H(B:International Obfuscated C Code
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A:      $BD9JSHG(BFAQ$B$rFI$`!#$"$k$$$O(Bjudges@toad.com$B$K%a!<%k$r=P$9!#(B

20.37:K&R1$B$G=R$Y$i$l$F$$$?(Bentry$B$H$$$&%-!<%o!<%I$O!#(B

A:$B$3$N%-!<%o!<%I$O!"4X?t$,J#?t$N0[$J$kL>A0$N%(%s%H%j!<%]%$%s%H$r(B
$B;}$D$3$H$r5v$9$3$H$r9M$($FM=Ls$5$l$F$$$?!#$3$N%-!<%o!<%I$OE12s(B
$B$5$l$?!#(B

20.38:$B$=$b$=$b!"!V(BC$B!W$H$$$&L>A0$NM3Mh$O!#(B

A:C$B$O%W%m%0%i%_%s%08@8l(BB$B$+$iGI@8$7$?$b$N$G$"$k!#(BB$B$O(BBCPL$B$+$iCeA[(B
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20.39:$B!V(Bchar$B!W$H$$$&$N$O$I$&H/2;$9$k$N$+!#(B

A:$B1QC18l$N!V(Bchar($B%A%c!<(B)$B!W!"!V(Bcare($B%1%"(B)$B!W!"!V(Bcar($B%+!<(B)$B!W$N$h$&(B
$B$KH/2;$9$k(B($B$I$l$r;H$C$F$b$$$$(B)$B!#(B

20.40:$B$3$N%j%9%H$r$b$&0lItM_$7$$$,$I$&$7$?$i$$$$$+!#2a5n$NHG$O$I$&$+!#(B

A:$B:G?7HG$O(Bftp.eskimo.com$B$N%G%#%l%/%H%j(Bu/s/scs/C-faq/$B$+$iF~<j$9$k(B
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$B%9%0%k!<%W(Bcomp.lang.c$B$K7n$N;O$a$KEj9F$5$l$k!#(BExpires:$B9T$,IU$$(B
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$B$7$F$$$k!#%5%$%H(Brtfm.mit.edu($B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
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$B$h$&$J%5%$%H$N$&$A$N(B2$B$D$G$"$k!#(Barchie$B%5!<%P!<(B($B<ALd(B18.16$B;2>H(B)$B$O(B
$B$=$N$h$&$J%5%$%H$r8+$D$1$k=u$1$K$J$k!#(B

$B$3$N(BFAQ$B$NJL$N7A$N$b$N$,!"(B
        http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/top.html
$B$+$iF~<j2DG=$G$"$k!#(B
$B$3$N(BFAQ$B$N3HD%$7$?HG$O(BAddison-Wesley$B$h$j!X(BC Programming FAQs:
Frequently Asked Questions$B!Y(B(ISBN 0-201-84519-9)$B$H$7$F(B1995$BG/(B11
$B7n$K=PHG$5$l$F$$$k!#(B

($BLuCm(B: $BF|K\8lHG$O%H%C%Q%s$h$j!X(BC$B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0(BFAQ C$B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$N(B
$B$h$/?R$M$i$l$k<ALd!Y$H$7$F=PHG$5$l$F$$$k!#(B)

Steve Summit
scs@eskimo.com

$B$3$N5-;v$NCx:n8"$O(B1990$BG/$+$i(B1996$BG/$KEO$C$F(BSteve Summit$B$K5"B0$9$k!#=q@R(B
$B!X(BC Programming FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions$B!Y$NFbMF$r!"Cx<T$H=PHG(B
$B<R$N5v2D$N85!"<R2q$X$N9W8%$N$?$a$K;HMQ$7$F$$$k!#$3$N(BFAQ$B$O=q@RHG$rJdB-(B
$B$9$k$3$H$r0U?^$7$F$$$k!#FbMF$O3F9q$NCx:n8"K!$K$h$C$F<i$i$l$k!#8D?M;HMQ(B
$B$K$+$.$C$F$O<+M3$K;2>H$7$F$h$$!#$?$@$75v2D$J$/:F=PHG$9$k$3$H$O5v$5$J$$!#(B
($BLuCm(B:$BF|K\8lHG$NCx:n8"$OKLLn(B $B6V0l$K5"B0$9$k!#(B)

This article is Copyright 1990-1996 by Steve Summit.
Content from the book _C Programming FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions_
is made available here by permission of the author and the publisher as
a service to the community.  It is intended to complement the use of the
published text and is protected by international copyright laws.  The
content is made available here and may be accessed freely for personal
use but may not be republished without permission.

