      
        USER MANUAL FOR Compact MS-Soft PC V4.4  by OH5IY (C)
      

             CONTENTS
             

     1. DISTRIBUTING & COPYRIGHTS
     2. PURPOSE OF THE SOFTWARE AND THEORY OF METEOR-SCATTER PROPAGATION.
     3. COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS
     4. INSTALLING TO HARD DISK
     5. GETTING STARTED
     6. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF EARLIER VERSIONS
     7. EXTERNAL HARDWARE
     8. USING PEAK CALCULATOR
     9. USING SKED EDITOR
    10. USING SHOWER GRADIENT, TRAIL EFFICIENCY, TWAIT, PATH LOSS, ZHR AND HR
    11. USING HIGH SPEED MS-CW
    12. CORRECT PROCEDURES ON MS IN REGION 1
    13. PROCEDURES ON MS IN REGION 2
    14. KNOWN SW ANOMALIES
    15. UNITS, FORMATS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED
    16. CREDITS
    17. REFERENCES & HOW TO CONTACT THE AUTHOR


Warning!

Do not run the MS.BAT batch file on any Windows 95, 98, NT, ME, 2000 computers!
It can corrupt your systems files.
The files executed by the MS.BAT are meant only for pure DOS computers and might cause havoc in
other OS computers and they certaily will not be of any use anyway. The clock TSR will not work on them!


PLEASE NOTE!

The data shower data files etc. common with 5.1 are the same as with 5.1.
The document files Meteros & communication part 1 and 2 (M&C files) are in HTML and are supplied only with 
MS-Soft 5.1 version. To get them too download v5.1 from my website.


Why version 4.4 ?

There seems to be some demend by expeditioners using old laptops and who prefer larger chracter size and 
also a text based version that a blind operators can use with a speech synthesizer.

How to run it on text only screen mode?

 The software runs on text mode by editing the setup parameter file SETUP.PAR afterwards to show on line
 12: "CGA" instead of "VGA" that is automatically set when executing the "PAR44.EXE" parameter software with a
 VGA display card.



        What is new on version 4.4

 The shower activity profiles are now changed to Lorenzian curve forms and the EURO.DAT, FLORIDA.DAT and
 AUSTRAL.DAT files last parameter for each line now hold the full width half maximun length in day for each 
 shower component and not the exponential branch index as it used to be.

Also some Y2K bugs were fixed and some other bugs regarding T-Wait calculation. Peak Calculator was modified
 to go to year 2010.

Version 4.4 is not the version 5.1 with just different displays. V4.4 is based on v4.3 with the above mentioned fixes and 
lacks some features and properties and give slightly different results than v5.1 does.



        FOREWORD.

 Documentation tries to cover three subjects on Meteor Scatter:
the radio communication, the astronomical perspective and the practical use
of this software.

 This part merely consists of main principles how to use the software.
Matters dealing with meteor scatter theory have been located in the v5.1 supplementary file
M&C-1 and M&C-2.htm. Please ignore there the references to v5.1. I do not have time to write separate
 line of documents for all the different versions!


    FOR TECHNICAL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS, SEE PROBLEMS.TXT FILE!

 The package contains other technical schematics and advises. You should
look what is available in those files.

Italian translation by IT9VDQ: see ITALIA43.COM.

SHORT VERSION OF THE MANUAL:

Unzip radio.exe on your hard-disk, if you have got it via the Internet, then
run PAR44.EXE.

With a diskette execute INSTALL on the distribution diskette.

Type MS to start program.
Alt+X to exit.

To send CW, make the interface shown in this file.


1. DISTRIBUTING & COPYRIGHTS

  This software can be copied for ones own use and used freely for Amateur
Radio Meteor Scatter (MS) contacts, or astronomical aid.

 If publishing, re-printing data produced by, or delivered with this
software in media (publications etc.), source must be acknowledged!
                                       ---------------------------
In fact, in case of (semi-)scientific papers, refereed or not, I would
apprecitate seeing the text before it is submitted.

Selling this program package for profit by any means is strictly prohibited.
You may only charge copying costs & postage.

 Distributing this software is NOT allowed by Packet Radio!
                               ---            ------------
 Re-distributig of MSDATA is not encouraged, anyone needing the data
can join the MSDATA mailing list.

 This file must also be retained with the other related files.

   GETTING A COPY OF THE SOFTWARE:

 Go to my homepage and click to get the MS-Soft from my home site.

 The latest software version is available from me also via mail. I need:

- Self Addressed Envelope +
- formatted 3.5" HD (1.4 MB) diskette +
- 4 IRCs for return postage to Europe,
- 6 IRCs for postage outside Europe, or adequate amount of US dollars.

  If you have access to Internet, you can download the software from
my homepage or from Funet:

           http://www.sci.fi/~oh5iy

Post release data available:
               - by E-mail at request, see below.
                   or later
               - by getting the whole .ZIP file package from my homepage

To receive MSDATA
SEND A REQUEST TO JOIN msdata MAILING LIST TO oh5iy@sci.fi
and updates will be sent to you in ASCII files.

 Once a new file is received, copy it to the \msdata sub directory.

  MSDATA on a major shower is usually available 3...5 days after the shower peak!


        RELEASE HISTORY

 I released V3.0 in Jan. 1992, V3.1 in May 1992, V3.2 in Sept. 1992, V3.3 in
Jan. 1993, V4.0 in Jan. 1993, V4.1 in Aug. 1993, V4.2 in Apr. 1994. 4.3r8 March 1998.
V4.31 Jan. 2001, V4.4 Feb. 2001.


2. COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS

 IBM Personal Computer (PC,XT,AT/286,386,486,Pentium), or compatible computer
with MS-DOS, >=640K RAM, HD, or a floppy disk, (MDA,HGA,*)
(CGA**), EGA or VGA display adapter, one free serial port (COM, RS232).
The 4,77MHz XTs tend to produce slightly deteriorated CW output.
I recommend a PC with at least 9 MHz CPU, or a co. processor.

 Without the math processor the enhanced gradient prediction takes over 2
minutes for a single day on a 9 MHz XT! Such a delay is intolerable in our
days. For a comfortable use you need a 25 MHz-DX PC, or better.

  LCD displays might cause some minor "visibility" problems. See your PC's
manual how to modify the display settings. A co. processor is recommended,
but not necessary. The internal clock should not drift more than
+-5 seconds/hour. The ZHR and measured shower activity curves, are only
available with EGA, or VGA display adapter!
                 *= no graphics available with MDA and HGA
                 **= all graphical displays not supported on CGA

3. INSTALLATION TO HARD DISK

 There is an INSTALL.EXE program on the disk. Just type INSTALL.
PAR44.EXE is executed. It makes parameters to suit your computer & station.
See Chapter 5. for more about parameters.
If the PC has no hard-disk, the program runs also from the floppy drive.
Run first the PAR44.EXE.
If you have transferred the files via the Internet, unzip with -d option
and run the PAR44.EXE.



4. GETTING STARTED

 First some words about the PAR44.EXE file executed when installing
the software.

 It checks first, if there is already a SETUP.PAR file and reads it.
Now you have defaults for defaults!
See, if all the parameters are correct for you, especially your call sign,
then accept parameters. Hit F1 key for help.
With CW ID I mean the slow speed call sign, sent at the beginning of each
period for station identification purposes.
Finally, a computer speed test lasting 5 to 60 seconds is done.
The relative speed index is typically:

        4.77 MHz XT          0.3 <- (sloppy CW output!)
        10 MHz XT            0.6 <- fair up to 1500 LPM
         8 MHz XT with 8087   7

Note:  Index comparison irrelevant on ATs.

 These are the numbers you normally get.
With an XT, if the index is above 0.5, it will not degrade CW performance.
When using XT Computer (8086 or 8088), make sure you are running the CPU
at same speed when sending MS CW, as when testing the speed!


        EMM 386 RUINING CW SPEED?

 NO, it should not anymore be able to do it.
On AT-Keying mode the EMM386 has no effect. On XT mode it still can do it.
You can force the XT keying ON by pressing "X" in the CW SET-UP screen.
Then you ought to have ran the PAR44.EXE recently to have correct
speed index, just as in the old 4.2 and before versions, to get proper
CW speed. On AT mode the speed index is not used for anything anymore.


        STARTING THE SOFTWARE

 Type MS to start the software.

        MAIN MENU, WHAT DO I DO NOW?

 The main menu gives you five choices. Select with a mouse or a key.

   Alt+X will abort the program, except in sked editor!
   -----      -----

                Here is a "how to navigate" diagram:

            ------------        /------------\
           /   edit    ---------    MAIN    \----------------------------\
           /   log     ---------    MENU    \---------------------------\/
           -------------        \------------/                           //
                                   // // //                              //
                                   // // //                              //
               /-------------------// // /\----------------\             //
               //-------------------/ // \----------------\/             //
               //                     //                  //             //
               //                     //                  //             //
          /-----------\          /-----------\       /-----------\       //
          / peak      /          /gradient   \--->--- hi speed  /       //
          / calculator/          /computation/       /    CW     /       //
          \-----------/          \-----------/       \-----------/       //
           //  // //                  //                   //            //
           //  // //                  //                   //            //
    /------//  // /\----------\       //                   //            //
    //------/  // \----------\/       /\-----------------\ // /----------//
/--------\/-----------\ /-----------\ \-----------------\/ // //----------/
/ view   //   view    / /   view    /                   // // //
/mon.rep.//   ZHRs    / /  activity /                   // // //
\--------/\-----------/ \-----------/                 /-----------\
                                                      /   sked    /
                                                      /   editor  /
                                                      \-----------/


 The QUICK data input procedure has a limited input feed line length. If you
type in data and reach the end of the line for that column, data input is
terminated without Enter key. If the input has fewer characters, then you
must hit Enter.
This same procedure is used through the whole software!

 ATTENTION ALL U.S. and other North American users!!!
The date is always in the EUROPEAN FORMAT, DD-MM-YYYY!!!!
It is frequently displayed to remind you, but not in every occasion.


6. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE EARLIER VERSIONS (a boring history?)
---------------------------------------------------
 The development started in 1982, when I made the first CW MS xmit program
for Commodore VIC-20. Later in 1984 I switched to C-64 with a compiler.
You can't believe how easy it was to see how it worked on C-64, compared to
present vast armada of PC clones on the market. They just won't work the
same way 100% and now the WIN-95 stuff makes things even worse.

 By 1984, the software became a compilation of four different functions;
All what was needed for meteor-scatter. The original software and
formulas were obtained from many different sources; PD software, articles
in some magazines and ideas of my own as well. PC version is the third
conversion, so I called the first PC version 3.0.
   Here is a short list of the major changes covering just the main features.
V3.1 was slightly improved from V3.0.
V3.2 included the SHOWER AND PATH DATA displays on CW screen.
V4.0 had new data input procedure.
V4.1 had a semi-automatic log keeper, CW messages could be edited without
     interrupting the transmission.
V4.2 had an improved peak calculator and full mouse support.
V4.4 Y2K bugs fixed and made to work to year 2010.


7. EXTERNAL HARDWARE
----------------------
 The computer can be connected to the radio's key connector, with an
interface, suitable for high speed keying. Also, if possible, to isolate
radio from PC and to protect transmitter from a down stuck keying.
Sorry, a PTT output (+ when xmit) is not available. See PROBLEMS.TXT
file.

   Interfaces made for K1EA's CT software, are fully compatible, providing
the interface can handle the high speed.
Various types of keying for transmitters with low (less than 20V key up)
and positive keying voltage, is shown here.


        HEAT UP YOUR WELLERS and PACES!
        -------------------------------

 This model is non isolating, but simple.
(These drawings may not print properly on the printer, or it can stop)


                                 BC547 c
                                       /--------------------O   keying
        RTS        10kohm  1N4148   / /             /560pF      to tx
RS 232 pin 4  O----RRRRRR----->+---b/             -----
or pin 20 DTR                       / \           -----
                                       \ e          /
                                        /           /
        GND                             /           /
RS 232 pin 7  O---------------------------------------------O key gnd

                              (key gnd must be same as radio chassis GND!)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

 This is the deluxe keying interface with opto coupler and max. key down
time limiter. Keep the cable between interface and computer as short, as
possible, to reduce RF-noise leakage from the computer.

                       470 ohm LED      TIL112       3.3 Kohm
             /---------RRRRR--->/---\a  opto   /--------RRRRR------o +9..15V
             /                    ../........./.c    c          /
RTS          /                    : /   -->  / :     /-------------o keying
 or          /                    :    -->    \----b/ BC547 /   /  to tx
DTR          / 47uF 16V     BC547 :.-..........:e/   \e     /   /
RS232  1N4148/+       18 Kohm     //c c          /    /    --- ---
pin4 o----->/--------RRRRR-----b/              R 33 /    --- ---
or pin20     /     -1N4148    /   /\e          * R    / 560 /   /  1nF
       3.3   R     ^     18   R     /            /Kohm/ pF  /   /
GND   Kohm   R     /    Kohm  R     /            /    /     /   /
pin7 o------------------------------/            \------------------o key gnd
DB-25                                                               (TX gnd?)


* THIS CIRCUIT IS MODIFIED:

 To increase high speed performance, add 10 to 33 Kohm resistor between the
base and emitter of the keying transistor as shown.

 None of the components, or values are critical. Use equal types if needed.
BC547=2N2222. If your TRX's key plug's ground is not the same GND, as the
power supply where the +9...15V is taken from, the keying system might not
work and you have to use a standard 9V dry cell, or a battery, to supply the
voltage for biasing the keying transistor (like FT-757GX).
All resistors 1/4W. c=collector, or cathode, e=emitter, b=base, a=anode.

    
  The DTR output pin works also. You may use either one of these two pins.
RS 232 pin markings are for the 25 pin DB connector.
For a 9 pin DB connector RTS is 7, DTR is 4 and ground is 5.
You can determine the keying output com port with the PAR44.EXE file, as
COM 1, or COM 2.



8. USING PEAK CALCULATOR
--------------------------


NOTE: Does not calculate beyond year 1999!

  Select the shower with arrow up and down keys. Text window lays out the
main features and the predicted time of the peak for the shower.

  With EGA/VGA display you can view raw data reflection curves by hitting
the 'A' key.
A sub-menu allows you to set Y- and X-axis scales and select if the old trace
will be erased, or not.

In the activity curve display change the year with + and - keys.

  Hourly average counts for each month can be viewed in the summary report.
This requires EGA/VGA. Hit M to view reports. Each of the 12 showers
represents a month for the selected year. In the report screen change
month by + and - keys. Year can be changed with P(rev.) and N(ext) keys.

There seems to be some +- 10% random long term variation in the raw counts.
See the curve GIF image on my homepage.

 History of maximum observed ZHRs for each 12 showers can be seen by
selecting Z key. Unfortunately moonlight or sunlight have made observations
impossible in some cases.


9. USING SKED EDITOR
----------------------


 With the sked editor you can type in the skeds, as you make them on 20 m
 VHF-net. If you operate EME too, why not put the EME skeds on the same file.
It prevents accidental double booking. There is room for maximum of 400
schedules.

 You can access the editor from any screen showing the option

        Edit skeds <S>

available, by hitting S key.

 Information stored for each sked:

DATE-MONTH.TIME CALL SIGN FREQUENCY TXSPEED RCVSPEED WHOSTART OTHERINFORMATIO
/----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 22-12.1400 PA0ABC 234 1000 1000 PA ssb Dick 4*17el 1KW JO22MH 15sec breaks.
\----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 There is a menu of the function keys at the bottom of the screen.

 IMPORTANT!
Use correct format when typing in sked data.

 The DATE & TIME format is European style:

        DD-MM.TIME

        12-08.1900     =12. of August at 1900 (UT)

        If you type invalid characters, they will be rejected and you must
        retype the data.

 The line on TOP marked with > , is the EDITING LINE where you do the
changes and deletions.

 Arrow up and down keys scroll the file line by line.
Page Up and Page Down scrolls the next, or previous 18 skeds.
Arrow right and left scrolls the info column horizontally.
With mouse: Click the arrow signs on the upper, or lower left corner.
All menu bar functions work also with the mouse.
If you wish to get a sked placed on top line and you see it further down
on the screen, just point it with the mouse and click.
To make a backups, or print the skeds, hit the B key to get into the backup
menu.

The ----------------------------------------------------------------- line
marks the end of the sked list and you will see it, as you scroll the sked
list down.

Use FIND function to find sked(s) with specific data without scrolling the
        file manually.
        If you find items date&time, or call, only the characters you type,
        will be matched starting from the beginning of the column to be
        searched. This enables you to find a call, or date&time, by typing
        only the beginning of a call sign, or a date.
        The search stops at the first match found. Resume search by FIND
        with same item.

Use CHANGE function to change sked data of the TOP LINE sked.
        This editor works only in the over type mode. TAB key (shift+TAB)
        lets you jump from one column to an other.
        A counter shows the space used. When the 90 character limit is
        reached, the entry is finished.
        A character checking function is done to reject invalid characters!
        Automatic sorting to chronological order, saving and keeping the
        sked on top is always performed after changing sked data.

Use DELETE to delete the sked on the TOP LINE!
        Auto sorting, saving and positioning the previous sked on top,
        is done after deletion.


Use ADD to add a new schedule.
        If you hit F5 accidentally, you may cancel it while in date&time
        feed by Esc key. Use TAB key (shift+TAB) to jump between columns.
        If you pick the sked parameters for the QSO from the sked-editor,
        you must type the call as it is used on MS, i.e. LATBY/P (LA0BY/P).
        The slash is removed by the software, but the 0 is not changed to T.
        The CW speed defaults are used here.
        Starting station can be marked with 1 to 3 characters as you desire.
        You can use prefix, or suffix. No default is allowed!
        Information line is there for locator, antenna, power, etc.

        In the middle of the text, please separate locator with spaces.
        In SSB sked, type at the beginning of the line "ssb" to infos:
        "SSB LOC ant name etc."

        The info column is 90 characters long and has a position counter.

        -If you type invalid data (or too many, or too few characters) to
        inputs, the computer rejects the input and asks again.
        Auto sorting in time order, saving and positioning the new sked on
        the top line of the screen is done after completing ADD.

Use SORT to sort the skeds. The arrow left/right keys change the sorting
        criteria.
        The computer beeps R on Morse code when sorting is completed.

Use CALCULATE i.e. to count how many skeds you have for one day in the file.
        Again the arrow keys changes the item. The info column matching
        is case selective.
        If you calculate items date & time, call, or info, only the
        characters you type, will be calculated and matched beginning from
        the start of the column. This enables you to find the number of
        skeds for a certain date, or to a call area.

End key will take you out of the editor.

Behind the B key, there is a sub menu for printing and backing up sked file:

    /-----------------------------------------------------------------------\
    / S        back to edit skeds                                           /
    / 2        to print skeds                                               /
    / 3        to make a backup copy of the skeds and log to A: diskette    /
    / End      exit backup menu                                             /
    \-----------------------------------------------------------------------/

       From here, End key will take you back to where ever you were.

        Once you left the editor, the old sked file was copied to ms_sked.bak
        and the present data was saved on ms_sked file.
        This method assures the survival of either the ms_sked, or the
        ms_sked.bak file.
        If MS_SKED vanishes, rename the ms_sked.bak file to ms_sked.
        It is always wise to TAKE MEASURES AGAINST THE LOSS OF SKED DATA:
        -backup skeds every once in a while on a diskette.
        -take a printout.


                AN ACHTUNG!
                -----------
       -YOU HAVE TOO MANY SKEDS IN THE SYSTEM, IF THE AMOUNT OF FREE MEMORY
       (Bytes free) SHOWN AT THE LEFT TOP SIDE OF THE SCREEN, GOES BELOW,
       SAY...2000 Bytes AFTER SORTING, or it shows 400 SKEDS IN FILE.
       A "mem lo" morse warning message will be heard from the speaker.
       Please move some old skeds to archives.
       The idea is to remove all skeds from last year, as the year figure
       is not used by the sked editor. You can copy the old skeds on
       diskette for archive purposes. Rename the files there to SKEDS99.TXT
       SKEDS00.TXT etc. The amount of stack space seen when saving, is there
       only as diagnostic information.


10. USING SHOWER GRADIENT, TRAIL EFFICIENCY, PATH LOSS, TWAIT, ZHR AND HR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 This part helps you to select a proper time of day for your test.
While it does provide more data, more time is spent while computing it.

  Display adapters incapable of supporting the graphic mode used, cause
an error that aborts the program.

 Presently the software includes some 12 major and 36 minor showers.
The auto-selection data file can contain up to 65 lines (about 50 showers,
depending on the desired accuracy of the shower modelling).


 If the default date is OK, just hit return.
Point at Y with the mouse, or * and click left button.
Hit Enter, if you do not set the locator and nearest locator is used.

  You determine the date, the software automatically selects the most active
shower. If the shower name is in UPPERCASE, it is a major shower.
If no major shower is available, you get a minor shower printed in lowercase.
Many showers are overlapping. Some people would like to compute all active
showers for the date. There are only a couple of days in a year (June 9. and
10.), when two major showers with high activity appear
simultaneously. Luckily both radiants have only 18 degrees difference in
RA and 1 degree in DE.

 In case of overlapping showers, the calculated ZHR is used as a criteria,
when to change over to an other more active shower. This condition is pre-
set in the EURO.DAT (or Florida.dat or Austral.dat) file by manually editing
the solar longitude limits for the shower.

Generally, the idea is to select the most active shower for the hour.


  Minor showers:

 You find a list of minor showers from the sub menu following the
calculated results. Select another shower <W> and then select
"List of Minor Showers".

  An algorithm using the radiant drifting speed data to calculate
the RA and DE co-ordinates for each day and hour.
When options Minor Showers, or Manual RA/DE are used, this radiant drift
correction is NOT applied!

 Values are calculated for every 30 minutes.

  This computation is for TRAILS and forward scatter only, not for 144 MHz
back scatter where meteor head reflections are dominant!

The head reflection is important on higher frequencies.
It takes place in parabolic, or elliptic cylindrical cone of ionisation
around the meteor and is less aspect sensitive and lasts only as long, as
the meteor burns (0.1 to 1 second on average).


  Offset:

   A list of side scatter antenna offsets is shown on the numerical screen
and is presented graphically by selecting <O>ffset.

The efficiency indicated is not valid on side scatter paths!


 When looking at the numbers, remember the antennas do not produce a laser
like beam!
Even the shower radiant diameter is 5 to 10 degrees.

  + and - keys or clicking the symbols on the top of the screen changes
the date.

 If you have selected manual RA&DE co-ordinates, you can change them in 1
degree steps to simulate different RA and DE and to see the variation of
the curve. This can be done only with the mouse, by pointing RA or DE text
and clicking left or right mouse button!

 Numeric window at the lower right corner shows the UT your mouse is
pointing at and the values for the hour.

  Numerical screen shows radiant azimuth, elevation, path loss and ZHR.
For more information of ZHR and HR, see M&C1 and 2,htm files.

There is a parallel version for those interested in visual meteor astronomy,
called Compact Visual Meteor Soft V4.4. It has the feature to log seen
meteors in a counting session and see the ZHR in real-time and much more.


  Manual RA/DE:

 You can calculate any unlisted shower by using it's RA and DE, or even
track celestial noise sources, remember to select a nearby locator!

   Map:

 The reflection map display shows the best point of reflection.
In fact reflections occur all along the so called locus line, but only
a single spot is shown. When it is out of range, the path loss is not
calculated in those cases and can not be shown. Red colour is used to alert
of this condition on the graphic and list screens. In those cases the
sporadic meteors are used to provide data of reflections.


  The hourly rate (HR) for Sporadic meteors is computed and displayed
on the graphical screen with the showers computed ZHR.
Minor error in HR curve is produced from a simplified mathematical model.
In fact, if the helion and antihelion components are not included in the
Sporadic rate (considered as shower related), the model is pretty good.

Yellow line shows the shower ZHR and dotted yellow line the sporadic HR.

 It is up to you to use your OWN expertise to select a proper time with
the efficiency, path loss, T-wait, ZHR and HR curves! Pick the best
compromise!

  You should elevate your antenna, depending on your antenna's vertical beam
width, when distance is shorter than 1500 km. Ideal angle is shown on the
screen with azimuth.
  The centre of the square is used (XX###MM), as the locator, if it is given
as four characters long (like KP30). Handy, when accurate results are not
desired, or the exact LOC is unknown.


11. USING HIGH SPEED MS-CW
----------------------------

        SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE (NOT MEASURED FOR RELEASE 7!):

-Speed range (upper limit depends on the computer performance):

             Region 1 & 3: 40...9999 LPM with auto sequencing.
             Region 2 (America): 8... 2000 WPM with auto sequencing.

-Long term speed accuracy, AT mode:

     using a 33 MHz I486DX:   Good up to 6000 LPM (errors <10%).

-Short term speed accuracy: Good, when no edit is done, or mouse not moved.

 Limit of good CW output speed (with a co-processor):

                  LPM max = CPU(MHz)*180

Attempts to use higher speeds causes no speed increase, but possibly
severe character distortion!


-Long term speed accuracy, XT mode:

     using a 8 MHz 8086       100... 700 LPM any error <+- 1%.
                              700...1400 LPM < +-2%, message gap <+10%.
                             2000...     LPM  CW less perfect, actual
                                              speed lower than indicated.


-Short term speed accuracy: Fair to Poor.
                            Minor random delays extend mark or space.
                            Extent of this is computer dependant.



-Available period lengths: 1/4, 1, 2, 2, or 5 minutes and manual sequencing.
-Auto start pre-set: maximum of one year, or 24 hours before the sked.
-Maximum single sked runtime with auto stop: 24 hours.
-Two procedures available: the Region 2 US and the European IARU 1 procedure.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        CONSIDERATION OF REQUIRED BANDWIDTH ON CW


The carrier ON-OFF KEYING often called CW, requires bandwidth of

        Bn= B * K

where
        Bn= necessary bandwidth in Hz
        B = speed in bauds
        K = keying sharpness factor (5 in fading circuits like MS)

B is calculated from speed LPM (Letters Per Minute) (WPM=LPM/5)

        B = LPM / 6


 With 5000 LPM the baud speed is 833 Bauds and the required bandwidth is

        4.2 kHz

 Raising the speed to 10000 LPM will increase the bandwidth to 8.2 kHz.


 Maximum allowable bandwidth is (in Finland) 18 kHz (18K0A1A) and limits
the maximum allowable CW speed to 21600 LPM, the absolute legal limit
on 50 MHz and on 144 MHz.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Short version of "USING HIGH SPEED MS-CW":
-main menu: hit C
-set-up:    hit Enter (accept settings)
-CW screen: hit S
-sked-editor: hit F8
-CW screen: look at the bottom who starts and hit Y (yes), or N (no)
(or use the mouse in similar way.)

  It is all set now!
(Presuming the sked was in the sked file and the locator was there too.)
                <end of short version: "USING HIGH SPEED MS-CW">
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        OPERATING

 Regional modes:
 The transmission stops at then end of the period to the first word space
with "K", if the speed is less than 301 LPM on both Region modes.

 At speeds over 300 LPM:
 In Region 2, US mode is selected, when the stations own location is within
the Region 2 area. In this mode the transmission stops at then end of the
message loop. Messages are formed as US style. CQ** letter system is
available.

 Outside Region 2 boundaries the Region 1 (European) mode is selected.
Transmission stops at the end of the period as soon as the full message loop
is recycled. Messages are formed in the European style and CQ** letter system
is available.

You have several ways to start operating:

- pick the sked from sked editor, autostart will initiate the transmission
- set sked start time from the set-up menu, but set call, etc. manually
- set CQ or call, etc. manually and start transmission manually.

The first one is easiest and gives you more data on the screen.

 When you enter in to the CW portion, you will see the CW SET-UP MENU first:

    /---------------------------------------------------------\
    /    MY CALL                         MY CW ID             /
    /                                                         /
    /                                                         /
    /    PERIOD LENGTH                  LOG ON/OFF            /
    /                                                         /
    /                                                         /
    /    SKED START TIME                QRT TIME              /
    /                                                         /
    /                                                         /
    /    ACCEPT PARAMETERS              AUTO SEQUENCER ON/OFF /
    /                                                         /
    /                                   F1=HELP               /
    \---------------------------------------------------------/


  Default values shown are used, unless they are altered.
Help text is shown by F1 key.
If you select 1 minute periods, a beep warns operator of the beginning (T),
or the end (K) of xmit period when operating (SSB) MS sked.
The SLOW CW ID is omitted, if a - is entered as the ID.
User may pre-set almost any CW speed for ID in the set-up program!
To comply with the rules of operating an Amateur Radio station,
an outgoing CW ID can not be interrupted.

  The automatic period sequencer can be set OFF (to manual).

  Often all is OK so you hit Enter.
If you are not happy with defaults, rerun the PAR44.EXE.

You will see next: the CW operating screen.
       /---------------------------------------------------------\
       /STATUS /   CALL                                UT  CLOCK /
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /MESSAGE DISPLAY                                          /
       /MESSAGE EDIT                                             /
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /SKED PARAMETERS          /  SET FUNCTIONS/AUTO SEQ. STATE/
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /PATH AND                 / LOG FOR                       /
       /SHOWER DATA              / RECEIVED TEXT                 /
       /                         /                               /
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /FUNCTION KEYS&INFOS                                      /
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /SELECTED SKED DATA                                       /
       /---------------------------------------------------------/
       /                                       KEYING OUTPUT PORT/
       \---------------------------------------------------------/

 Nearly everything described below can also be done using the mouse!

 You must answer the question of who starts, but before answering,
you can use the automatic sked seeker at this point by hitting S.
This must be done now and not later!
It takes you to the sked editor, with the next sked coming up (in time),
already on the top line. The thing works if the sked times are in UT and
the computer clock is also running in UT.

   You use F8 to pick the right sked.
Slashes (/) are removed from the call sign, a normal procedure on MS in
Region 1. I hope it is OK for Region 2 operators too.
After you have hit F8, you are flipped back to CW screen and the question of
who starts, still remains. At the bottom of the screen, you see the sked
data and can easily answer Y(es)/*(no).

   The speed, call sign and start time and date, has been automatically set
to correspond sked data. Locator is set, if it is found from the info
column, resulting correct path data on the screen.
Expected signal levels and ERPs are displayed also, if antenna and power
is found on infos.

 If it is a SSB schedule, 1 minute period is set, red colour used to show
sked data and text "SSB" replaces the CW speed to alert the operator.

   After start time is reached, the system goes from standby to receive,
or transmit mode sending call signs, depending on who starts the schedule.

If you wish to do a FULLY manual start, here is how you do it:
First step is to select who starts. Then select the first message,
usually CALLS, or CQ. With CQ, you are working with "nobody" and have
path and shower data to the next small grid, which is absurd.
If manually set auto start is used, the computer will beep every now and
then, until you do select the first message. It must be done, or nothing
will happen! When the time comes for you to start transmitting the first
period, just hit F8 key!

  The manually set auto start time (in the CW SET-UP MENU), can be pre-set
less than 23 h 59 min 59 sec before the sked begins. This means;
if the start time is already history today, it will start the sked tomorrow.
If the auto start should be set more than 24h before the sked start,
the sked data must be fetched from the sked editor, which contains date.
Only this allows any time and date to be used, to activate the auto start
system, maximum up to a year ahead.
When done, start transmit manually (F8), or let auto start do the job.

   Again, the QUICK data input procedure requires no Enter, if the end of
the feed is reached. Otherwise use Enter to accept.
Four different colours are used to make the screen more informative:
Green colour indicates receiving.
Red colour indicates transmitting. (or SSB sked)
Light cyan indicates text edit.
Yellow is used for any non fixed data.

        ON-LINE DISPLAY
        ---------------
 On-Line path and shower data display helps the operator to point his
(or hers) antenna and see the shower efficiency and gradient, while
operating CW. Data is updated once in every minute, except during transmit
period.

(0)
        PATH AND SHOWER DATA TO:  call area, or locator
(1)
   QTF, el, QRB:..       Great circle heading, antenna elevation, distance.
(1a)
   Sporadic, HR:         Antenna heading using sporadic meteors and their
                         current (visual) hourly rate.
(1b)    OR
   Shower:......         Antenna heading using best point on the locus of
                         the shower. Sometimes out or reach!
(2)
   Path loss, T-wait:    Path loss in dB, T-wait in minutes.
(3)
   Efficiency:...        Shower trail efficiency in percents and shower name.
(4)
   Radiant az,el, ZHR:   Radiant azimuth (0deg=north) and elevation and
                         visual Zenithal Hourly Rate of meteors expected
                         for the shower.
(5)
   ERP   --> RX sig:     My Effective Radiated Power -> RX signal at his end.
   RX sig    <--ERP      Signal level at my RX <- his ERP. (OK, her's...)
                         Available only if found on sked infos:
                           JN44MF 4*17el 1KW Jack
                                 ------------
                         NOTE: SPACES SEPARATE ANT&PWR, ANT is marked: XXel

 (0): If the locator is not set, or was not found from the sked editors info
      column, the stations approximate locator is extracted from the call
      sign. If this is not successful, the path and shower data is calculated
      to 4 km distance. Only European calls are on the table, US calls,
      to my opinion, can not be used this way, as they do not show the true
      call area, or location.
      Some call areas, or countries, are wide. This is why you should set
      the exact locator with F10, to get accurate path and gradient data.
      If the call area is unknown, zeroes will be shown as path data.
      Please set the locator, to get path data on the screen.

(1):  Great circle bearing & elevation (of the meteor layer), distance.

(1a): Direction of the better "hot-spot" for sporadic meteors and present
      Hourly Rate of sporadic meteors. Diurnal, seasonal and latitude induced
      rate variations exist. Direction varies diurnally and depends on
      path orientation and latitude.
      If your antenna beam width (-3 dB) can cover both hot spots,
      aim your antenna to direction shown at (1). It will increase the
      number of reflections.
      Required beam width is:     2 * ABS(((1a)-(1)) degrees.

(1b): Direction and elevation of best reflections from the shower meteor
      trails. If the direction deviates a lot from bearing (1), it likely
      is not advisable to point antenna to this direction. In this
      situation reflection efficiency and path loss are severely degraded.


(2):  The path loss for overdense trail is calculated, if the ideal point
      of locus is within range. If not, sporadic "hot-spot" is used to
      calculate path loss. See  M&C .htm files. T-wait in minutes for
      your receiving periods, if pwr & ant is found on sked info line.
      If not, it shows T-wait for your transmissions using your ERP.

(3):  Reflection efficiency for the shower and shower name.
      To learn more about reflection efficiency, see M&C .htm files.

(4):  Shower radiant azimuth ( 0deg=north ) and elevation. Present ZHR
      (Zenithal Hourly Rate) for the shower.
      The radiant elevation is radio refraction corrected, when the shower
      is higher than about -2 degrees. If lower, no correction is done.
      Because of this, when the radiant rises, or sets, it jumps a couple
      of degrees, when the correction is taken into use.

(5):  Expected signal levels for overdense trail reflection.
      Calculated, if sked was fetched from sked editor with F8 and
      information of antenna and power was found on the info column.
      Otherwise second line shows 0 kW ERP and the same signal level (dummy),
      as on the previous line.


        AUTOMATIC LOG
        -------------
   The log keeping can be done with the computer during sked!
If the automatic transmit message log is activated, it makes entries of
the transmitted messages by itself to an ASCII file.
Log can be set ON, or OFF in both set-ups.
  Received messages must (or can) be typed in by the operator.
The software makes a log entry containing period number, sent message and
received message, if any typed in.
This semi-automatic feature records QSO data on disk. Handy, in case the
operator falls a sleep, or makes false paper log entry etc. It is a bit
like the black box on the aeroplanes, it stores the QSO main events.
  From main menu, you can start the TED text editor with the log. The
functions available are on the bottom of the screen.
If the MS-Soft is not running, the file can also be viewed, edited and
printed with EDIT, or with any text editor.

   The sked editors backup copies MS_LOG file to A: drive diskette.
Moving the log to a diskette for archive use, is a practical way to use it.
You should RENAME the file before copying it, to prevent data loss owing
to same file names!
   The name of the file generated by the software is always MS_LOG.
It includes following data:

date-month-year
time period## T transmitted message
     period## R received message (blank if nothing received)

 The received text can be entered during QSO at any time, by hitting L key
and then typing in the received characters in that reflection and
terminated by hitting Enter.

Filling the log should be completed before the end of the next/ongoing
transmitting period. As long as entering of received message is uncompleted,
all the function key commands, S and Page Up, are being suspended except
F8 (T/R), Alt+X,CTRL+R and CTRL+T.

   Alt+X [exit to DOS], CTRL+R [restart], CTRL+T [tune transmitter]
B ["burst" start],  and P [Pause] can not be activated with a mouse,
because of their harmful effects for a contact in progress.
The scrolling log window shows 5 latest lines of received text as typed.
Check you do not run out of free disk space, if the log is ON.


 The QSO summary printed at the end of a sked when restarting, or aborting
the software, holds space for QSO complete/not-complete/nil, number of
bursts and pings received, the strength and duration of the best
reflection.

 The software calculates number of bursts and pings and the length of the
longest reflection by using the in-typed text as a source.
Simple averaging of letter length divided by the speed (TX speed) used,
enables the computer to know roughly what was a ping (<0.5 sec) and what was
a burst and how long it was. This method is not exact, but often more
accurate than post filled data based on "Hmm...I think it was..." kind of
data. In case of a very long reflection, you have to afterwards edit manually
the value of the longest burst, as the log input routine can only take a
limited number of characters per single reflection.

Duration and B/P division is not performed correctly, if the RX speed differs
a great deal from the TX speed.

        FORGET LOCAL TIME!
        ------------------
 The time (UT) displayed on screen and time used for auto start/stop
functions, is the SAME TIME YOU HAVE SET YOUR CMOS CLOCK IN YOUR PC.
Running the cmos clock in UT will cause less confusion and the real time
shower data will be correct!
Clock must be accurate enough to prevent period drifting.
See PROBLEMS.TXT file on the distribution diskette. Time can be set with F11
key in CW portion.
               SECRET KEYS IN CW
   At the end of a sked (if you use CW ID), you can SK out in style, by
hitting F8 key and while ID is being sent, hit E key. It will also terminate
the program.
Pushing B, while receiving, starts HI CW immediately without CW ID and
omits next change over. Handy when a long burst starts near the end of
RX-period. This feature is available for the last 25 sec of RX-period.
Using it before, does not omit period change over (will SWAP periods!).
It doesn't work in "STBY waiting start" state.

P takes you back to the STBY state and halts further transmissions.
You may resume transmission only by hitting F8 key, but make sure you are
transmitting on correct period then!

 Setting time, or viewing sked editor is NOT possible during transmission.
Setting time can be completed even if transmission has started. While using
sked editor, the CW program is not running, you might miss a period
changeover. Please do not stay too long in sked editor while running a sked!

 IF THE SENT MESSAGE REMAINS THE SAME, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO RESELECT IT!

 CAUTION! Sequencing is based to "narrow r/t and t/r transit time windows"
rather, than a pre-determined fixed transmit/receive time slots.
This flexible approach enables the swapping of transmit and receive periods
at any time. The disadvantage is the periods can be accidentally swapped,
if F8 is hit by mistake.
Maximum message recycle time at speeds over 300 LPM must be less than
5 seconds. At speeds under 301 LPM maximum time between spaces in the
message must be less than 5 seconds.

You should not have any reason to use the F8 key during QSO
(if automatic sequencing is ON)!

(Do not be scared of all the warnings. I just want to make sure if
something unwanted happens, I can say: It was mentioned in the README
file. Didn't you READ IT?)(...seems some of you haven't)
(I don't know how you do things, but here we usually try how it works and
then later see what is in the manual.......)


12. CORRECT PROCEDURE ON CW MS IN REGION 1.
---------------------------------------------
   T= Message sent
   R= Message received

   T       PA3DZL OH5IY PA3DZL OH5IY PA3D.....    (I call Jack)
   R       OH5IY PA3DZL 262626 OH5IY PA3DZL 2626.. (Jack responds w. report)
   T       PA/DZL OH5IY R37R37R37 PA3DZL OH5IY R3..(I acknowledge w. report)
   R       RRRRRRRRDZLRRRRRRRRDZLRRRRRRR..... (Jack has rcvd calls+ r+rprt)
   T       RRRRRRRRIYRRRRRRRRIYRRRRRRRR..... (I have received call+r+rprt)

   This QSO is clearly complete as Jack receives my final R's.

    Also the QSO is considered as complete, although Jack would not receive
   my final Rs, as he has received the Rs with the R37 and I have received
   his final Rs. This is according to the current IARU rules and not just my
   opinion, as some people might believe!

    If the contact is nearly complete and you are not causing QRM to the next
   sked, it is wise to run a little overtime, like 2 to 3 periods to make
   it a complete QSO rather, than abort sked at the end of the hour and
   ending up to the same situation when trying it again later!


 Some special messages: (Use with caution, newcomers may not know these!)

        S= send to me the report only
        M= send to me my call sign only
        Y= send to me your call sign only
        B= send to me both call signs only

        These can be used only after you have received an R-REPORT MESSAGE!
                          ----------------------------------------
        An example:

        T SSSSSSS.....
        R .........26262626262626262626262626....

    *************************************************************************
    * INCORRECT PROCEDURES ARE (excluding the one letter msg requests):     *
    * -----------------------------------------------------------------     *
    * TO SEND ONLY THE OTHER STATION'S CALL SIGN WITH THE REPORT.           *
    * TO SEND ONLY MY CALL SIGN WITH THE REPORT.                            *
    * TO SEND ONLY THE REPORT.                                              *
    * TO CHANGE REPORT WHEN SWITCHING FROM CALLS+RPRT TO CALLS+ R RPRT.     *
    * TO SEND R OR R+REPORT BEFORE RECEIVING ALL CHARACTERS OF BOTH         *
    *    CALL SIGNS AND THE REPORT.                                         *
    * TO SEND FINAL RRRs WHEN SKED PARTNER IS STILL SENDING ONLY THE REPORT.*
    * TO USE A LOT HIGHER SPEED THAN AGREED!                                *
    * Five out of seven of these mistakes are being avoided by using this   *
    * software.                                                             *
    *************************************************************************


1/. PROCEDURE ON CW MS IN REGION 2.
-----------------------------------


 There is unfortunately no official agreement on the CW procedure in USA.
This is how it usually goes:

   T       W3EP W4IY W3EP W4IY W3EP.......    (W4IY calls Emil)
   R       W4IY S2 W3EP S2 W4IY S2 W/EP .. (Emil responds w. report)
   T       W3EP RS2 W4IY RS2 W3EP........(W4IY acknowledges w. report)
   R       RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR..... (Emil has received calls+ r+rprt)
   T       RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR..... (W4IY has received call+r+rprt)

While all procedures are considered valid, this does not give a good
basis for software writing.

15. KNOWN SW ANOMALIES
----------------------

 First I would like to express my frustration of complaints I can not
observe, fix or just do anything about them.

 Just to list some:
- The keying interface does not work (RS cable connected to pin 19, not 20)!
- The PC internal clock runs / times slower than it should. (hmm......)
- No text on the menu screen. (Produced by a NORMAL print command!!!!!...!!)
- The screen goes blank. In both cases Diamond Stealth cards were used.

 I suspect the display problems can be cured by the upcoming modification
on the screen mode I have used.


 I know a couple of anomalies that can not be cured.

 The screen clock seems sometimes to interact with the graphics commands
used, like the period bar indicator and perhaps with something else.
This produces alien kind of characters on the clock, or undesired lines on
the screen. The problem is definitely not serious, just ignore it.

 Sometimes some characters are being (partially) drawn with false colours.

 Other anomalies (common to all PCs) observed are caused by programming
glitches and can be cured, if I am informed about them.



 Some (slowish?) PCs have randomly produced chopped CW characters.
On one occasion there was also clear resemblance to a manual keying type
of output and not a computer like output expected.
Some interrupts do cause minor delays in the CW, but with a T1000 they
were not serious, although they existed. The problem can not be linked
directly to slow PCs, but rather depend on the used computer type.

 To overcome this problem a new keying time base was introduced.
Unfortunately it is only available for AT machines (286, /86, 486, etc.).
Both the old and new time bases are in the software.  Depending up on your
machine type, the software selects the one that is better, or one that works.
This is indicated on the CW operating screen by the text:
                                                         XT-Keying Com ##
                                                         or
                                                         AT-Keying Com ##
 The AT type keying should provide error free output, enable more speed and
better timing accuracy when available.

 You may test the keying by sending "eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee" and
listen, if there are any anomalies on the CW output!
If there is this almost randomly repeating anomaly and it is severe,
you should not use this PC for high speed CW.

 If you decide to tell me of the problem, it would be helpful to include in
the bug report a detailed description of the PC used, along with the
config.sys and autoexec.bat files and what alternatives have been tried to
resolve the problem.

 Maybe I can sometimes include a list of PCs that do not work.
On the other hand, what is the use? Motherboards go out of production
within few moths and are replace by newer ones. It is truly a "consumer"
product.



15. UNITS, FORMATS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED
-----------------------------------------

 SI units are generally used in the software. To clarify the use of other
units, which generally have several controversial definitions, I have made
a list of definitions, formats and abbreviations used.


UNIT

Angle           Degrees in decimal format.
Right ascension Degrees = alpha in decimal format (RA).
Declination     Degrees = delta in decimal format (DE).
Longitude       Degrees in decimal format, where degrees E is negative.
Latitude        Degrees in decimal format, where degrees S is negative.
Distance        Kilometres (km).
Azimuth         Target horizontal bearing clockwise, 0 degs=NORTH! (az, azi).
Elevation       Target vertical angle from the horizon (el, ele, elev).
Velocity        Kilometres/second (km/s).
Date            DD:MM:YYYY or DD:MM:YY, the European format!
Time            HH:MM:SS in Universal Time (UTC),
                or sometimes expressed as HH UT meaning HH:00:00 UTC.
Frequency       Megahertz, MHz (QRG, freq).
Morse speed     Letters/minute, LPM (1 LPM is equal to WPM*5).
RF power        Watts or kilowatts, (W) or (kW).
ERP             Effective Radiated Power in kilowatts,
                RF-power * antenna gain (referred to a dipole).

 Other more specialised units are used, as in the Bones Meteor Observers
Guide and most of them are explained elsewhere in the documentation.




16. CREDITS
-----------

 The following hams and scientists have written related articles, or software,
or have helped me to find information and articles, or solve problems:
W4WD, DL5MCG, DJ5TD, WA1JXN, OH5FP, PA/BIY.
T. Hankamki, former Finnish Meteor section leader at URSA.
J.v.Wassenhove, former IMO Radio Commission section leader.
K.A. Kuure, a free lance science editor .
OH6DD for sharing his views.
OH5KB, my good friend and soon to be a computer engineer for writing the
CK_FIX.EXE in C-language resolving the TSR clock problem.

17. REFERENCES
--------------
A.C.B Lovell           Meteor Astronomy, 1954
Meeks & James          On the Influence... Proceedings. of the IRE, Dec. 1957
Eshleman & co.         Directional Characteri... Proc. of the IRE, Dec. 1957
Villard, Eshleman&co.  The Role of Meteors... Proc. of the IRE, Oct. 1955
T. Damboldt,           Meteorscatter, VHF Communications, 4/1974
P. Taskinen            Meteorisirontayhteyden tutkiminen 1982.HUT grad.study.
VAISALA                Documents R 0418 and SR0552
H. Nes                 M.B. Polarisation Trials, Electronics Newsl.,Nov 1985.
M.R. Owen              VHF M.S.- An Astronomical Perspective, QST, June 1986.
M. Rich & co(SRI Intl) Experimental Investigation of Meteor Burst Footprints.
J.E. Bickel            Meteor Burst Comm. Buoy Relay Test Summary, NOSC,1987.
P.S. Cannon            The Evolution of M.B. Com. Systems, J.IERE Vol 57 1987
Bailey, Collins & co.  Communication by Meteor... CCIR documents, Rep. 251-5.
P. Roggemans           Visual Meteor Observations Handbook, 1987.
P.S. Cannon&A.P.C Reed The evolution of M.B.C comm. systems. J.IERE May 1987.
G.W. Kronk             Meteor Showers  A Descriptive Catalog, 1988.
T. Hogan               the Programmer's PC Sourcebook, 1988.
Jones, McIntosh, Simek J. Atmos. Terr.Phys. 52. 1990
BMS                    Meteor Observers Handbook. Volume V.
N. Bone                Observers Guide METEORS, 199/.
URSA                   Thdet 1991, 1992, 199/, 1994, 1995
IMO                    Meteor Calendar, 199/, 1994, 1995, 1996.
IMO                    WGN (WorkGroupNews), various, 1986...1995.
IMO                    IMO Meteor Circular(s) Apr. 1995 onwards.
P. Jenniskens          Meteor Stream Activity. Astronomy & Astroph., Oct 1994
P. Jenniskens&al.      Lorenz Shaped Dust Trail Cross Sections from... Leonids MAC conference 1999.
A. McBeath             Meteors (in Astronomical Calendar 1995 by Ottewell).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

        SEND ME A MESSAGE, or some feedback IF YOU ARE USING THIS SOFTWARE!

                E-mail   oh5iy@sci.fi

        Homepage:  http://www.sci.fi/~oh5iy/


        ALL COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS WILL BE FILED AND REVIEWED!

        73 ILKKA, OH5IY in KP30HV & OH5IY/4 in KP31JK

                        Ilkka Yrjl
                        Jukolantie 16
                        FIN-45740 KUUSANKOSKI
                        FINLAND
                        -------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      DISCLAIMER
 I disclaim all the warranties of any kind, concerning the use of this
software, or results and the author takes no responsibility of losses
or damages, direct or consequential. User assumes responsibilities of the
suitability of the software for his or her use.
The results are not accurate for scientific purposes and are highly dependant
on the data in the parameter data files.
Though the software is made to be foolproof against most user mistakes,
there usually are some bugs in it.
This software is not foolproof against irrational operating, and might
not work in rational manner under such conditions.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
